“发髻”与地方形象:民族旅游地的文化符号建构分析——以广西黄洛瑶寨和贵州岜沙苗寨为例  

Hair Bun and Place Image:An Analysis of a Cultural Symbol in Ethnic Minority Tourism Destinations

作　　者：王林[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西师范大学历史文化与旅游学院,广西桂林541001

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2016年第5期64-71,共8页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"少数民族村寨文化再生产与重构研究"(12XMZ071);广西人文社会科学发展研究中心"‘人文强桂’优青特色研究团队"基金项目"珠江--西江经济带生态旅游和生态文化研究团队"(KW515)资助~~

摘　　要：很多地方之所以成为旅游目的地,是与游客对其"真实"与"想象"的体验交织在一起的。在民族文化传承、演变、重构过程中,"发髻"的文化内涵在于它对民族历史记忆和对族群凝聚的形塑。广西黄洛瑶寨在"文化碎片化"过程中以"天下第一长发村"构建了最令游客直观感觉的"柔""情""爱""婚恋"的地方形象;贵州岜沙苗寨以独特"户棍"发髻、舞台化的成年仪式以及衍生出来的精神深层次的"树"崇拜和生死轮回的观念,建构了与现代文明格格不入的"原始而又神秘"的地方形象。黄洛瑶寨和岜沙苗寨利用"发髻"这一容易被认知、接受和解读的文化符号来标识其旅游地形象,建构了游客最直观想象的地方形象,也重构了当地民族文化体系。Culture and heritage are increasingly popular tourist attractions. The tourist experience is often a mix of staged images and authentic cultural practices. This study examined the process of inheritance, evolution and reconstruction of ethnic culture in the case of hair bun in two of China＇s ethnic minority communities. The tradition of wearing a hair bun is central to shaping of group memory and cohesion in two tribal communities examined in this study. In a process of cultural fragmentation,the Huangluo Yao ethnic minority village of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in South China, has been constructed as a＂village of the longest hair in the world＂,＂females with long hair＂and＂the most beautiful Yao females with long hair＂ have become tourism product. The result has been the development of a popular tourism attraction. The style has also become a catalyst of cultural symbol reconstruction. The hair created an attractive and easily recognizable place image of genteel, love,passion and marriage. The Yao women of the Huangluo region clad in traditional red dresses singing about their long hair, the locks and the trickling streams in the landscape portrait an exotic image of tenderness and dear that is the life of the women of the minority ethnicity. In another place, the Biasha Miao ethnic minority village of Guizhou Province in Southwest China, a unique＂Hu Gun＂hair style,＂the last gunman tribe＂ a staged rites- of- passage performances, tree worship and a belief in reincarnation have molded a place image of＂primitive and mysterious＂that is distinctively different form China＇s modern civilization, muskets and the men＇s buns became a sign of masculinity and toughness.These two destination areas have both used hair bun as a symbol of culture that is easily recognizable, readily acceptable and suggestive in interpretation. These are typical to contemporary ethnic tourism destinations seeking to formulate a place image in their promotional materials, to be delivered to the heritage customer

关 键 词：发髻 地方形象 民族旅游地 文化符号 建构 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理]