明代科举与文人结社  

Imperial Examinations and Literati Associations in Ming Dynasty

作　　者：李玉栓[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学人文与传播学院,上海200234

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2016年第3期77-85,共9页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国古代文人结社史"(11CZW048);上海高校高峰学科建设计划项目"中国语言文学"(A-9103-16-065-006)

摘　　要：明代科举与文人结社的关系极其复杂。科举对文人结社的影响巨大,而文人结社发展到一定规模和水平的时候,也会反作用于科举。科举对文人结社的影响主要表现在:登科士子的结社促进了结社风气的形成,科举制度直接催生文社并推动文社发展,三年一次的科考为士子结社提供了契机,而科考的内容和方式对文人结社也有很大的影响。文人结社对科举的反作用直接体现在科举考试的录取上,间接体现则是在八股作文的文风上。The relationship between imperial examinations and literati associations was extremely complicated. Imperial examinations had enormous influence on literati associations,and the later,reaching a certain scale and standard,had an counteractive effect,too. The examinations＇ influence on literati associations was mainly embodied as follows： the participation of the scholars who had already passed an imperial examination encouraged the prevalence of associations; the Imperial Examination System itself served as a catalyst to the birth and development of associations; the examination every three years provided an opportunity for candidates to form or join an association; and the content and style of imperial examinations also had a strong effect on associations. The counteractive effects of literati associations were reflected directly in the admission results of the imperial examinations,and indirectly in the styles of the stereotyped eight-part compositions.

关 键 词：明代 科举 文人结社 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]