3种农作物可食用部分对铯的蓄积特性  

Characteristics of Cesium Accumulation in Edible Portion of Three Crops

作　　者：赖金龙 付倩[1] 陶宗娅[1] 何娇[1] 罗学刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学生命科学学院,四川成都610101 [2]西南科技大学生物质材料教育部工程研究中心,四川绵阳621010

出　　处：《食品科学》2016年第9期87-91,共5页Food Science

基　　金：国家核设施退役及放射性废物治理科研重点项目(14ZG6101);四川省教育厅理工科重点课题(14ZA0030);四川省教育厅大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201510636076)

摘　　要：采用盆栽实验模拟土壤铯（Cs）污染（0、25、50、100 mg/kg）条件下,研究3种农作物（蚕豆、油菜和印度芥菜）可食用部分在不同生育期（苗期、现蕾期和成熟期）对Cs^＋的蓄积特性及受污染状况。结果表明,蚕豆、油菜和印度芥菜对Cs^＋具有较强的富集能力,且蓄积量大小顺序为印度芥菜〉油菜〉蚕豆。苗期阶段,当Cs^＋水平≥50 mg/kg时,各器官（根、茎和叶）的污染指数（pollution index,PI）均大于3,已受到重度污染。现蕾期阶段,随Cs^＋污染水平的增加,3种农作物各器官（根、茎和叶）对Cs^＋的蓄积量均显著增加（P〈0.05）,且蓄积量明显高于苗期;当Cs^＋水平≥25 mg/kg时,各器官PI大部分大于3,已受到重度污染。成熟期阶段,经检测3种农作物的种子对Cs^＋的蓄积量达到9.62%～10.93%;当Cs^＋水平≥25 mg/kg时,3种农作物的种子已受到中度及以上污染。Pot experiments were carried out to simulate cesium（Cs） pollution in soil（varying doses of Cs were set to 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg） and to explore the characteristics of Cs accumulation and the pollution situation in the edible portion of three crops（Vicia faba L., Brassica napus L., and Brassica juncea L.） within different growth stages. Results showed that all three crops were able to uptake Cs efficiently, and their Cs accumulation capacity displayed the following sequence：Brassica juncea L. 〉Brassica napus L.〉 Vicia faba L.. In the seedling stage, the pollution index（PI） of Cs in different organs（root, stem, and leaf） were all greater than 3 when Cs^＋ was more than 50 mg/kg, indicating that these organs had been heavily polluted by Cs. In the squaring stage, Cs accumulation in different organs of three crops increased significantly with the increase in Cs concentration（P〈0.05）, reaching a level higher than that at the seedling stage. The pollution index（PI） of Cs in most organs investigated were greater than 3 when Cs^＋ was more than 25 mg/kg, indicating serious Cs pollution in these organs. In the maturity stage, 9.62%-10.93% of Cs was found to be accumulated in the seeds of the three crops. When Cs^＋ was more than 25 mg/kg, these seeds were at moderate and above pollution levels.

关 键 词：铯 蓄积 污染指数 蚕豆 油菜 印度芥菜 

分 类 号：X56[环境科学与工程—环境工程]