贵州湄潭茶园土壤重金属含量及环境质量评价  

Content of Soil Heavy Metals and Environmental Quality Assessment in Tea Plantations in Meitan County, Guizhou

作　　者：杨秀琴[1] 朱四喜[1] 

机构地区：[1]贵州民族大学化学与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《广东化工》2016年第10期142-144,149,共4页Guangdong Chemical Industry

基　　金：贵州省科学技术厅;贵州民族大学科技联合基金资金资助(黔科合J字LKM[2013]03号);教育部新世纪人才支持计划项目(NCET-12-0659);贵州省优秀科技教育人才省长资金项目(黔省专合字[2012]71号)

摘　　要：分析贵州省湄潭县13个乡镇茶园土壤重金属含量,研究其分布特征及变化规律,并用污染指数方法评价其土壤环境质量。结果表明,土壤全铅、全镉、全铬、全汞、全铜和全砷含量值基本在我国土壤背景值范围内,平均含量值分别为45.9±1.1(±S.E.,下同)、0.038±0.003、117.9±1.3、0.23±0.001、29.5±0.6和22.2±0.1 mg·kg-1,均低于无公害茶叶产地环境条件标准(NY 5020-2001)所要求的最低值。根据土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618-1995),湄潭茶园土壤环境质量全部符合国家二级标准,且铜、砷、镉元素的含量达到国家一级标准。13个乡镇茶园土壤中Pb、Cd、Cu、As和Hg的单项污染指数均小于1,只有湄江镇茶园土壤的Cr单项污染指数大于1。同时,2个乡镇的综合污染指数大于0.7(即湄江镇为0.80,洗马乡为0.74,处于警戒级),其他11个乡镇均小于0.7,处于清洁无污染的安全级别。在6种土壤重金属元素中,Cr是主要的潜在污染因子,其次是Hg。研究表明,湄潭茶叶基地的土壤环境质量总体达到安全级别土壤清洁无污染,适合无公害茶叶基地的建设。The content of soil heavy metals and environmental quality assessment were studied using methods of pollution index in the tea plantations of 13 villages and towns in Meitan county. The results showed that the contents of soil total Pb, Cd, Cr, Hg, Cu and As basically was in the soil background value, their averages were 45.9±1.1 （±S.E., the same below）, 0.038±0.003, 117.9±1.3, 0.23±0.001,29.5±0.6 and 22.2±0.1 mg.kg-1, respectively. The content of heavy metals was lower than the standard of Environmental Qualification of Nuisance Free Tea Producing Area （NY 5020-2001）. Simultaneity, soil environmental quality in tea plantations of Meitan tea zone, it answered for the second grade of State Environmental Quality Standard for Soils （GB 15618-1995） and achieved safe class, and the content of soil Cu, As and Cd accorded to the first grade of GB 15618 1995, which show the Meitan tea zone was propitious to develop nuisance free tea production. Besides the single pollution index of Cr was 1.04 in light pollution at the tea plantation of Meijiang town, the others （including Pb, Cd, Cu, As and Hg） were all less than 1.0 in the safe class or warning level. Meanwhile, the integrated index was all less than 0.7 in the safe class from the tea plantations of 11 villages and towns, except from Meijiang （0.80） and Xima （0.74） in warning class. Among 6 kinds of soil heavy metal elements, Cr was the main potential pollution factor, followed by Hg. Therefore, the results in this study show that the soil environmental quality was cleanness on the whole at Meitan tea zone, and the soils were suitable for non- polluted agricultural production.

关 键 词：湄潭 茶园 土壤环境质量 污染指数 重金属 

分 类 号：S571.1[农业科学—茶叶生产加工]