高温堆肥过程对猪粪来源抗生素抗性基因的影响  

Effects of Thermophilic Composting on Antibiotic Resistance Genes(ARGs) of Swine Manure Source

作　　者：郑宁国[1,2] 黄南[1] 王卫卫[1] 喻曼[2] 陈晓旸[2] 姚燕来[2] 王卫平[2] 洪春来[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069 [2]浙江省农业科学院环境资源与土壤肥料研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第5期1986-1992,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(21307115;51108423);国家自然科学基金项目(41571243);新疆生产建设兵团科技援疆项目(2013AB008)

摘　　要：为研究大规模好氧高温堆肥过程对猪粪来源抗生素抗性基因的影响,采用荧光定量PCR法检测了4个大环内酯类抗性基因(erythromycin resistance methylase,erm A、erm B、erm C和erm F)、3个β-内酰胺抗性基因(beta-lactamase,bla TEM、bla CTX和bla SHV)和2个喹诺酮类抗性基因(quinolone resistance,qnr A和qnr S)在堆肥过程中的变化趋势.结果表明,堆肥初期大环内酯类抗性基因含量显著高于β-内酰胺类和喹诺酮类抗性基因(P<0.01),其中erm B基因丰度最高为9.88×10~8copies·g^(-1),其次是erm F为9.40×10~8copies·g^(-1).在高温堆肥结束时β-内酰胺抗性基因和喹诺酮类抗性基因丰度维持在较低水平,而大环内酯类抗性基因在堆肥结束后仍然具有较高含量.其中,erm F基因与堆肥初期相比甚至出现了增加的情况,这表明高温堆肥过程不能有效去除所有抗生素抗性基因.对于某些抗生素抗性基因,堆肥可能还是良好的生物反应器而导致抗性基因的增殖,农田中堆肥产品的施用有可能会造成抗生素抗性基因的传递.To investigate the effects of thermophilic composting process on antibiotic resistance genes （ARGs） of swine manure source at a field scale, the abundance of four erythromycin resistance genes （ermA, ermB, ermC and ermF）, three β-lactam resistance genes （blaTEM, blaCTX and blaSHV） and two quinolone resistance genes （qnrA and qnrS） were quantified by quantitative PCR （qPCR） during the composting process. The results suggested that the erm genes＇ copy numbers were significantly higher than those of the bla and qnr genes in the early stage of composting （P 〈 0.01 ）. The maximum abundance of erm genes was ermB （9.88 × 10^8 copies·g^-1 ） , following by ermF（9.4 × 10^8copies·g^-1 ）. At the end of the composting process, bla and qnr genes were at low levels, while erm genes were still at high levels. Even through ermF was proliferated comparing with the initial copies. These results indicated that thermophilic composting process could not effectively remove all ARGs. For some ARGs, compost may be a good bioreactor resulting in their proliferation. Application of composting products on farmland may cause transference of ARGs.

关 键 词：猪粪 堆肥 抗生素抗性基因 ERM BLA QNR 荧光定量PCR 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X713