疼痛面孔注意加工中共情的作用——来自眼动的证据  

The Influence of Empathy on the Attention Process of Facial Pain Expression: Evidence from Eye Tracking

作　　者：颜志强[1] 王福兴[2] 苏彦捷[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学心理学系和行为与心理健康北京市重点实验室,北京100871 [2]华中师范大学心理学院,武汉430079

出　　处：《心理科学》2016年第3期573-579,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31371040;31571134)的资助

摘　　要：疼痛的威胁警示与趋近救助冲突近来受到研究者的关注。本研究结合点探测范式与眼动技术,以疼痛面孔和中性面孔为实验材料,探讨共情在疼痛功能冲突中所扮演的角色。我们收集了33名被试的有效眼动数据,结果发现,与中性面孔相比,被试对疼痛面孔图片的早期注意定向更快(首次注视到达时间更短)、晚期注意维持更长(注视次数更多、总注视持续时间更长);与低共情组相比,高共情组被试对面孔的总注视持续时间更长,分组分析显示只有高共情组对疼痛面孔的总注视持续时间比中性面孔长。结果表明,被试存在疼痛面孔注意偏向,被试的共情水平可能作为一个调节变量影响其在注意维持阶段对疼痛威胁的知觉。The pain function paradox has aroused researcher’s attention. Pain itself not only is an unpleasant emotional experience for the individuals, which signals a potential threat in the environment and urges observers to escape the source of pain, but it also signals that someone needs help. The evolutionarily primitive reaction to pain, i.e., the avoidance from the threat or source of pain, seems to conflict with the emergence of empathic concern. In our view, the paradox may have two reasons, one is that researchers observe it at one time point, because we only collect subject’s reaction time, it’s not a very sensitive index; the other one is that researchers ignore personality variables（such as empathy）, and many studies have found that it is very important for emotion and recognition. Empathy for pain is a hot topic in the field of social cognition. However, few studies investigate the pain function paradox and the relationship between the observer’s empathy and the attention to the pain as reflected in facial expression.Method： Current methodology does not permit assessment of continuous attentional processes, and it does not allow distinction between initial attentional allocation and subsequent maintenance of attention to stimuli, although this distinction is theoretically and clinically important. Eyetracking technology provides an intuitive and ecologically valid method to directly examine attentional processes over time. It can help us to solve these issues. This research attempts to combine the visual dot-probe paradigm and eye movement technology to explore the relationship between the observer’s empathy and the attention to the facial pain expression. The present study uses pain facial picture and neutral facial picture as experimental material. Some researchers have found that observer’s pain-related catastrophizing thoughts and personal pain experience may affect the experimental effect, so we controlled the observer’s pain catastrophizing thoughts and personal pain experience as po

关 键 词：共情 疼痛面孔 注意 眼动 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]