正反转旋耕后土壤和秸秆位移试验分析  

Experimental Analysis of Soil and Straw Displacement after Up-cut and Down-cut Rotary Tillage

作　　者：郭俊[1] 姬长英[1] 方会敏[1] 张庆怡[1] 华风玲 张纯[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学工学院,南京210031

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第5期21-26,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51275250)

摘　　要：土壤和秸秆在耕作后的位移变化是保护性耕作和秸秆还田重要组成部分。为分析和比较耕作后两者的位移变化,针对正、反转旋耕2种作业方式以及180、230、280 r/min 3种转速设置重复性试验。试验中按刀辊轴向布置标记铝块和横、纵向秸秆,运用示踪法(以点代面)思想,即根据标记的铝块和秸秆前后坐标变化值来代替机具在幅宽范围内土壤和纵、横向秸秆的位移变化。将得到的标记点位置进行标定,并在二维CAD中绘制出标记点在二维地表的形态,该形态与旋耕刀在刀轴上排列相似。2种耕作方式的地表形态和位移对比分析表明:正转旋耕的秸秆埋覆率要高于反旋,反转旋耕破碎率要优于正旋;土壤在耕作后分布较均匀,横、纵向秸秆在正反旋作业后均出现聚集现象,正旋作业更为明显;土壤以及地表秸秆位移反旋作业大于正旋作业,但随着机具转速增加,反旋作业位移呈递减,正旋作业位移呈递增。基于以上因素考虑,可以根据实际作业需要来改变耕作方式、转速以及刀具在刀辊上螺旋线形状来满足不同农艺要求。The displacement of soil and straw is an important part of conservation tillage and straw returning to field. To analyze and compare the displacements,field experiments with down-cut and up-cut rotary tillage were conducted under rotational speeds of 180,230,280 r / min. The aluminum block and colored straw were labeled and arranged in lines parallel to the rotor axial to measure soil and straw displacement. The original and final positions of soil and straw tracers were drawn in CAD,it is found that the shape of final positions was similar to the arrangement of rotary blades attached to the rotor. The comparison of soil surface morphology and displacements of soil and straw were done with down-cut and up-cut rotary tillage,and conclusions are drawn as follows： straw burial rate in the down-cut rotary tillage was higher than that of up-cut rotary tillage,but the soil breakage rate in up-cut rotary tillage was higher.The distribution of soil tracers was uniform after tillage; lateral and longitudinal straws appear aggregation phenomenon after two kinds of tillage and down-cut rotary tillage was more obvious. The displacements of soil and straw in up-cut rotary tillage are better than those of down-cut rotary tillage,the displacements in up-cut rotary tillage decreased with increasing rotational speed while the displacements in down-cut rotary tillage increased with increasing rotational speed. Based on these findings,the operation type,rotational speed and the shape of the arrangement of rotary blades could be adjusted to meet the different requirements in horticulture.

关 键 词：正反转旋耕 位移 示踪素法 试验 土壤 秸秆 

分 类 号：S156.99[农业科学—土壤学] S233.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]