中小学生身体活动与近视的相关性分析  

Correlation analysis of body activities and myopia among primary and middle school students

作　　者：杨东玲[1] 郭常义[1] 周月芳[1] 虞瑾[1] 王鹏飞[1] 陆茜[1] 邹志勇[2] 罗春燕[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市疾病预防控制中心,中国上海200336 [2]北京大学公共卫生学院儿童青少年卫生研究所,中国北京100191

出　　处：《教育生物学杂志》2016年第1期17-21,共5页Journal of Bio-education

基　　金：国家科技专项:2012年度卫生公益性行业科研专项(201202010)

摘　　要：目的探索上海市中小学生体力活动、静态行为时间与近视患病率的相关性,为学生近视的防控工作提供参考。方法采用多层整群抽样的方法,抽取上海市中心城区和郊区共8个行政区16所中小学,对入选学校的9 583名中小学生开展问卷调查收集体力活动、静态行为时间等变量,并进行视力检查。分别用单因素和多因素方法分析学生身体活动时间与近视患病率的关联。结果上海市中小学生近视患病率为47.2%,平均每天中等到高强度体力活动（moderate and rigorous physical activity,MVPA）时间为0.57 h（0.25～1.14 h）,平均每天总静态时间为5.77 h（2.50～8.00 h）,其中做作业时间为2.00 h（1.50～3.00 h）,看电视时间为0.50 h（0.33～1.00 h）,玩电脑/电子游戏时间为0.33 h（0.00～1.00 h）。经多因素Logistic回归分析,在校正了性别、年龄、父母近视的影响后,做作业时间长是学生近视患病率的危险因素,做作业时间每增加1 h,学生患近视的风险增加9.5%（OR=1.095,95%CI=1.043～1.150）。MVPA达1 h则是学生近视患病率的保护因素,每天MVPA达1 h的学生,其患近视的风险小于每天MVPA不足1 h的学生（OR=0.823,95%CI=0.735～0.921）。结论做作业时间长是上海市中小学生近视患病率的危险因素,而MVPA达1 h则是保护因素,应鼓励中小学生多参加户外体力活动预防近视。Objective To explore the association between physical activity,sedentary behaviors,and myopia among primary and middle school students in Shanghai.Methods A total of 9 583 students were selected from 16 schools in 8 districts in Shanghai by stratified clustering sampling methods.Questionnaires were performed to get the information of physical activity and sedentary behaviors.Vision examinations were carried out.Univariate and multivariable methods were used to analyze the association between physical activity,sedentary behaviors and myopia respectively.Results Among primary and middle school students in Shanghai,the myopia prevalence rate was 47.2%.The average moderate and rigorous physical activity（MVPA） time,total sedentary time,homework time,watching TV time,playing computer / video game time was 0.57 h（0.25-1.14 h）,5.77 h（2.50-8.00 h）,2.00 h（1.50-3.00 h）,0.50 h（0.33-1.00 h）,and 0.33 h（0.00-1.00 h） per day,respectively.In a logistic regression model,after adjusted for sex,age and parental myopia,odds ratios were 9.5% higher with each hour on homework per day（OR=1.095,95% CI=1.043-1.150）.Contrarily,the odds ratio of MVPA up to 1h was 0.823（95% CI=0.735-0.921）.Conclusion Longer homework time was the risk factor of myopia and MVPA up to 1 h was the protective factor among primary and middle school students in Shanghai.To prevent myopia,students should be encouraged to take more outdoor physical activity.

关 键 词：体力活动 静态行为 近视 中小学生 

分 类 号：R778.11[医药卫生—眼科]