凉山彝族和汉族中学生毒品接触及其认知状况分析  

Illicit drug use and awareness of Yi and Han students in Sichuan Liangshan area

作　　者：杨丽[1] 木尔扯尔[2] 哈马日呷 陈筱莉[4] 袁斌[5] 马瑜[2] 

机构地区：[1]川北医学院医学影像学院,四川南充637000 [2]川北医学院法医学系 [3]凉山彝族自治州公安局 [4]川北医学院基础医学院 [5]川北医学院药物研究所

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第5期647-650,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：四川省社会科学界联合会2013年度青年项目(SC13C038)

摘　　要：目的了解四川凉山地区彝族、汉族中学生毒品接触情况和毒品问题认知现状,为少数民族地区开展校园禁毒教育提供依据。方法抽取凉山州部分县市的彝族、汉族中学生1 742名,其中彝族924名,汉族818名,对其采用自拟问卷调查,了解其对毒品知识的认知情况。结果彝族中学生吸食毒品的比例为3.25%（30/924）,汉族中学生为0.98%（8/818）,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=10.466,P〈0.05）;吸毒的学生以初中生为主（27/38）。2个民族中学生对传统毒品的正确认识率为87%-95%,对新型毒品的正确认识率为35%-55%,差异均无统计学意义（P值均〉0.05）。中学生对毒品危害知晓率为80%-95%,但彝族学生在吸毒的身心损伤认识略高于汉族学生,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=11.37,P〈0.05）;中学生对吸毒传播的肝炎、梅毒等疾病的知晓率为55%-70%,但汉族学生略高于彝族学生,差异均有统计学（χ^2值分别为8.99,15.87,P值均〈0.05）。在大部分毒品认知及吸毒危害性的认识上,初中生知晓率均低于同民族的高中生（P值均〈0.05）。结论凉山地区中学生新型毒品的知识教育需要加强,特别是初中生。中学生毒品相关问题的认知度可能受该地区彝、汉族文化和毒品泛滥特征影响。Objective To understand current status on illicit drug exposure and awareness among Yi and Han middle school students in Liangshan area. Methods Investigation on illicit drug exposure and awareness was conducted among Yi and Han middle school students of counties in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture. Results A total of 1 742 participants, including 924 Yi students and 818 Han students. The proportion of illicit drug use in Yi and Han students was 3.25%（ 30 / 924） and 0.98%（ 8 /818）, with statistically significant significance（ P〈0.05）; Most of the drug user were junior middle students（ 27 / 38）. Both Yi and Han students had high awareness to traditional illicit drugs（ 87%- 95%）, while low awareness to emerging illicit drugs（ 35%-55%）. Yi and Han students were fully aware of risk of illicit drug, Yi students had higher awareness of physical and mental adverse effects of illicit drug use than Han student（ P〈0.05）. Han student had high knowledge on illicit drug abuse related diseases than Yi student（ P〈0.05））. Junior school students had lower awareness than high school students（ P〈0.05）. Conclusion The anti-drug intervention in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture needs to be further strengthened, especially in the junior middle school students.The difference in illicit drug awareness between Yi and Han students might be related with culture.

关 键 词：行为 成瘾 健康知识 态度 实践 物质相关性障碍 学生 少数民族 

分 类 号：G479[文化科学—教育学] R195[文化科学—教育技术学]