学生营养改善计划地区2013年度学校卫生相关工作现状  

Associated factors of school hygiene among schools attended Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students in 2013

作　　者：徐培培[1] 李荔[1] 潘慧[1] 杨媞媞[1] 甘倩[1] 曹薇[1] 张倩[1] 胡小琪[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心营养与健康所,北京100050

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2016年第5期676-679,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解我国＂农村义务教育学生营养改善计划＂试点地区2013年学校供水、学生饮水和洗手以及驱虫药服用情况,为改善农村学生健康状况提供基础数据。方法从699个试点县中选取50个县作为重点监测县,每个县按照学校食堂供餐、企业（单位）供餐和家庭（个人）托餐3种供餐模式中每种供餐模式选择2-3所学校,从小学一年级到初中三年级中,每个年级抽取1-2个班,达到40名学生左右,男、女生基本各半,采用＂学校调查表＂和＂学生调查表＂分别收集学校供水、学生饮水和洗手以及驱虫药服用情况。结果共调查15 763所学校和29 317名学生,其中为学生提供白开水的学校占58.5%,中部地区（62.7%）高于西部地区（56.1%）,初中（66.1%）高于小学（55.6%）,差异均有统计学意义（χ^2值分别为,P值均〈0.01）;有17.8%学校的学生直接饮用自来水。每次饭前便后均洗手的学生占37.7%,小学生（40.5%）高于初中生（32.9%）,中部地区学生（39.6%）略高于西部地区学生（35.6%）,差异均有统计学意义（Z值分别为,P值均〈0.01）。有13.6%的学校过去1 a内给学生发放过驱虫药。结论需要进一步加强学校各种健康相关的卫生辅助设施建设和辅助措施的实施,进一步改善农村学生健康状况提供基础。Objective To evaluate school hygiene including water supply and anthelminticin treatment, water-drinking and hand-washing among students attended Nutrition Improvement Programme for Rural Compulsory Education Students（ NIPRCES）.Method About 20%-30% primary and junior middle schools were selected randomly from each county of NIPRCES（ 699 counties） based on three food supply modes（ school-, company-, and mixed-）. If primary or junior middle schools of one kind of food supply modes were less than two, all the schools were selected. Questionnaire on school and students were carried out separately.Results A total of 29 317 students were selected. Schools which provided plain hot water for students accounted 58.5%, with central regions higher than in western regions（ 62.7% v.s. 56.1%, P〈0.01）, junior schools higher than primary school（ 66.1% v. s.55.6%, P〈0.01）. Schools whose students drank tap water directly accounted 17.8%, with western regions higher than central regions（ 22.9% v.s. 9%, P〈0.01）, primary schools higher than junior schools（ 18.8% v.s. 15.2%, P〈0.01）. Students who washed hands every time before eat and after bathroom use accounted 37. 7%, with primary school students higher than junior school students（ 40.5% v.s. 32.9%, P〈0.01）, students in central region higher than that in western region（ 39.6% v.s. 35.6%）. Nearly13.6% of schools distributed anthelminticin to students over the past years. Conclusion More efforts should be carried out to adresses hygiene and sanitation problems in rural areas primary and junior schools.

关 键 词：饮水 洗手 驱虫药 组织和管理 学生 农村人口 

分 类 号：G478[文化科学—教育学] R153.2[文化科学—教育技术学]