基于钢轨振动响应分析的车轮扁疤检测方法研究  

Detection method for wheel flats based on rail vibration responses analysis

作　　者：史红梅[1] 赵蓉[1] 余祖俊[1] 朱力强[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学机械与电子工程学院,北京100044

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2016年第10期24-28,54,共6页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(61134003)

摘　　要：车轮扁疤会影响列车运行舒适性并加速车辆、轨道基础设施部件故障。提出一种基于钢轨振动响应的车轮扁疤动态检测和识别方法。通过建立车辆轨道垂向耦合模型和车轮扁疤模型,计算车轮扁疤作用下的钢轨动态响应。比较了不同轨道不平顺、不同列车运行速度以及不同扁疤深度条件下,对钢轨振动响应进行Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)和高阶谱分析两种方法的车轮扁疤识别能力。利用HHT中的Hilbert谱可以定性区分正常车轮与有扁疤车轮,但该方法会受到轨道不平顺大小的影响。而利用高阶谱分析方法能够定量判断扁疤深度,且识别能力不受轨道不平顺大小及运行速度影响。研究结果表明,利用钢轨振动响应结合高阶谱分析可以有效检测和识别车轮扁疤。Wheel flats will influence ride comfort and result in rapid deterioration of vehicle and infrastructure components.A dynamic detection and identification method for wheel flat was proposed based on the rail vibration responses analysis.A vehicle-track vertical coupling system and its wheel flat were modelled and the rail dynamic responses were calculated in the condition of wheel flat.Two methods,Hilbert-Huang transformation （HHT）and higher-order spectrum,used to analyze the rail vibration responses and identify the wheel flat were presented and compared.The influences of different track irregularity,train speed and wheel flat depth on the identification ability of the methods were analyzed.The Hilbert spectrum can qualitatively distinguish the normal wheel and the wheel with flats,but the detection ability is affected by the track irregularity. The high-order spectrum can express the different wheel flat depth quantitatively and it isn＆#39;t influenced by the track irregularity and train running speed.The investigation shows the rail vibration responses combined with high-order spectrum analysis can detect wheel flats effectively.

关 键 词：钢轨振动响应 车轮扁疤 车辆轨道耦合模型 Hilbert谱 高阶谱 

分 类 号：U270.7[机械工程—车辆工程]