蒙古族地区女性月经初潮母女配对的调查  

A survey of menarche occurrence between mother and daughter in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：陈巴拉 胡那顺 包玉荣 许芮豪 陈玉兰 张斌 周贤伟 王尚明[4] 暴国 王宁 石翠格[4] 李亚东 张树成 王介东 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古自治区通辽市奈曼旗计划生育服务站,028300 [2]内蒙古自治区通辽市人口和计划生育指导中心 [3]内蒙古自治区通辽市职业学院 [4]国家卫生计生委科学技术研究所 [5]北京协和医学院

出　　处：《中国计划生育学杂志》2016年第5期306-311,共6页Chinese Journal of Family Planning

基　　金：十二五国家科技支撑计划(2012BAI32B02);国家科技基础性工作专项(2013FY110500;2013FY110511)

摘　　要：目的：通过调查通辽市女性月经初潮年龄,建立蒙古族地区汉族和蒙古族女性发育基础数据。方法：采用横断面分层整群抽样方法,在规范调查流程和质量控制标准下于2015年9~12月对本地区3所高中1728名在校女生进行回顾性问卷调查,采集母女月经初潮年龄相关数据,以农村蒙古族、农村汉族、城镇蒙古族、城镇汉族4组进行分析。结果：问卷回收率97.97%,合格率96.16%;女学生月经初潮发生在调查前2~5年者占92.39%,母女记忆明确率均〉94.01%。女儿和母亲的月经初潮年龄分别为12.6±1.2（9~16）岁和14.8±1.7（11~18）岁,女儿比母亲平均提前了2.14岁（P〈0.0001）,且城镇早于农村（P〈0.05、P〈0.001）。蒙古族与汉族间未见差异。女儿月经初潮发生发生在11、12、13、14岁的比例分别为6.45%、46.11%、81.57%、94.60%,母亲分别为0.42%、18.50%、38.98%、61.46%。月经初潮发生率按季节从高到低在母女均表现为夏季、冬季、秋季、春季的顺序。女生月经初潮发生在小学阶段者占50.28%,在初中1、2年级时分别达到了80.44%、96.22%。结论：通辽地区属于蒙古族聚集地,其女性月经初潮年龄有逐渐提前趋势,建议对该地区青少年的青春期教育应从小学4年级开始。Objective：To establish the woman developing database of Inner Mongolia women by investigated menarche age of Han and Mongolia in Tongliao,Inner Mongolia.Methods：According to the norm investigation process and standard of quality control,a cross-sectional survey was made.1728 college girls of rural Mongolian or Han,urban Mongolian or Han in three middle schools were retrospectively questionnaire survey from September to December 2015.The data relative to menarche age of the girls and their mothers were collected.Results：The return rate of questionnaire was 97.97% and 96.16% questionnaire were qualified.Rate of menarche occurred in 2~5 years before this survey was 92.39%.Rate of accuracy menarche time through memory of daughters or their mother was over 94.01%.The mean of menarche age of daughters and their mother were 12.65 ±1.20 years and 14.79 ±1.68 years,respectively.The average menarche age of daughters was 2.14 years,which was earlier than that of mothers（P0.0001）.The menarche age of urban women was earlier than that of rural women both in mothers and daughters（P0.05,P0.001）.As for daughters,the rate of menarche occurred in 11,12,13,14 years old were 6.45%,46.11%,81.57%,and 94.60%,respectively.And for mothers,the rate of menarche occurred in 11,12,13,14 years old were 0.42%,18.50%,38.98%,and 61.46%,respectively.The rate of menarche occurrence gradually decreased from summer,winter,autumn to spring both in daughters and their mothers.50.28% menarche of girls had occurred in primary school.In grade 1 and 2 of the junior high school,the rate of menarche occurred was 80.44% and 96.22%,respectively.Conclusion：Tongliao is the Mongolian people gathering place.Age of menarche was gradually earlier,so the reproductive education for adolescent should be began at grade 4 of the primary school in Tongliao.

关 键 词：月经初潮 青春期发育 青少年 蒙古族 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]