车用柴油机-有机朗肯循环联合系统的设计及分析  

Performance Analysis of a Vehicle Diesel Engine-ORC Combined System

作　　者：杨凯[1] 张红光[1] 宋松松[1,2] 贝晨[1] 常莹[1] 王宏进[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100124 [2]承德石油高等专科学校汽车工程系,承德067000

出　　处：《内燃机工程》2016年第3期117-122,共6页Chinese Internal Combustion Engine Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51376011);北京市自然科学基金项目;北京市教育委员会科技计划重点项目(KZ201410005003);国家"九七三"重点基础研究发展计划项目(2011CB707202)

摘　　要：针对一台车用柴油机全工况范围内排气能量的变化规律,设计了一套有机朗肯循环(organic Rankine cycle,ORC)余热回收系统,进而与车用柴油机耦合形成了车用柴油机-有机朗肯循环联合系统。ORC余热回收系统采用非共沸混合工质R416A,以高效回收柴油机的排气能量。采用螺杆膨胀机作为有机朗肯循环系统的动力输出部件,通过试验测试确定螺杆膨胀机的最优工况点(进气压力1.7MPa、膨胀比8、等熵效率0.65),进而设定有机朗肯循环系统的最优运行参数。研究结果表明:加装有机朗肯循环系统后,与原柴油机相比,车用柴油机-有机朗肯循环联合系统的输出功率最大提升了30.6kW,热效率最大提升了10.99%,余热回收效率最高可达10.61%,有效燃油消耗率最大降低了35g/(kW·h)。A vehicle diesel engine-organic Rankine cycle （ORC） combined system was designed based on the variation law of engine exhaust energy under various operating conditions. The zeotropic mixture R416A was used as the working fluid for ORC waste heat recovery system to absorb the engine exhaust energy efficiently. Meanwhile, as the key component of the ORC system, a screw expander was used to produce useful work. Via experiments, the best operating point of the screw expander was determined at the inlet pressure of 1.7 MPa, the expansion ratio of 8 and the isentropic efficiency of 0.65, from which the best operating parameters for ORC waste heat recovery system were set. The results show that, using the combined system will make the power output increase by 30.6 kW, and the thermal efficiency increase by 10.99%, while the waste heat recovery efficiency reach its maximum value of 10.61%, and the brake specific fuel consumption （BSFC） reaches decrease by 35 g/（kW · h） at most.

关 键 词：内燃机 车用柴油机 全工况 有机朗肯循环 余热回收 非共沸混合工质 螺杆膨胀机 

分 类 号：TK406[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]