湘江流域景观格局变化及生态服务价值响应  

Landscape Pattern Changes and Evaluation of Ecological Service Value of the Xiangjiang River Watershed

作　　者：陈希[1,2,3] 王克林[2] 祁向坤 李洪斌[4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,中国湖南长沙410128 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,中国湖南长沙410125 [3]郴州市生物研究所,中国湖南郴州423000 [4]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,中国湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《经济地理》2016年第5期175-181,共7页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471445)

摘　　要：以湘江流域地区为例,通过景观指数和生态服务价值当量估算的方法,运用Arc GIS9.0软件与Fragstats3.3软件,提取出湘江流域地区1980、2000、2010年景观类型图,定量分析了湘江流域30年间的景观格局变化特征;并通过定量化得出的湘江流域景观类型单位面积生态价值表,计算出1980—2010年湘江流域不同类型景观的生态系统服务价值。结果表明:130年里,受人类活动影响,水田与林地景观面积大幅度减少,从而导致30年间区域的生态系统服务总价值呈下降趋势。2水田与林地斑块数目增加,破碎度增大。旱地景观破碎度下降。其中,水域变化最显著。湘江流域景观整体破碎度增加,优势斑块的连通性下降,景观优势类别对景观整体的控制作用减弱。3湘江流域总体的生态系统服务总价值呈下降趋势;2000年后,生态系统服务功能的较前20年衰退更快,这将给湘江流域地区带来一定的资源和环境问题。研究认为,需加强规划布局管理,合理配置景观资源,实现湘江流域的经济与生态环境的协调发展。Take Xiangjiang River watershed as an example, the method of using landscape index and the estimating ecosystem service value, extract the Xiangjiang River watershed 1980, 2000, 2010 landscape type map,and supported by ARCGIS9.0 and Fragstats3.3, quantitative analysis of landscape pattern change in Xiangjiang River watershed during the past 30 years, through quantitative results of the Xiangjiang River watershed landscape type unit area of ecological value table, to calculate the service value 1980- 2010 Xiangjiang River watershed landscape of different types of ecosystems.The results showed that： 1）paddy field and woodland landscape area decreased significantly from 1980 to 2010, resulting in total value of ecological system service 30 years region showed a downward trend because of intensive human activities. 2）The number of patches increased and the fragmentation degree increased. Dry land decreased fragmental degree, compared with those in 1980. Among them, the most significant changes of water. However, the overall landscape fragmentation degree in Xiangjiang River watershed increased, connectedness and dominantly for primary patch increased, which showed a weaker controllability on the whole landscape. 3）The total ecosystem service value is declining in Xiangjiang River watershed. In the after 10 years, the recession faster than the previous 20 years of ecosystem services. This will bring some resources and environmental issues Xiangjiang River watershed, to strengthen the planning layout management, reasonable allocation of landscape resources, to achieve coordinated development of economy and ecological environment of Xiangjiang River watershed.

关 键 词：景观格局 景观指数 生态服务价值 GIS 湘江流域 

分 类 号：F062.2[经济管理—政治经济学] X171.1[环境科学与工程—环境科学]