同步膜上开孔插秧装置运动学仿真与参数优化试验  

Kinematics simulation and parameter optimization experiment for transplanting synchronous puncher

作　　者：陈海涛[1] 赵阳[1] 侯守印[1] 从光波 徐源[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2016年第11期25-30,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金："十二五"科技支撑计划课题"秸秆基农用膜成型工艺与设备研究"(2012BAD32B02-5)

摘　　要：为解决秸秆基纤维地膜敷设后直接插秧造成的秧苗根系损伤的问题,设计了一种同步膜上开孔插秧装置,并对装置进行运动学仿真分析及试验研究。根据秧针尖点与纵向开孔刀尖点轨迹方程,通过数学模型推导计算,从理论上分析装置设计的可行性,应用ADAMS进行了运动仿真,得到秧针及纵向开口刀关键点的运动轨迹,应用三因素三水平虚拟正交试验方法,以分插机构旋转速度、纵向开孔刀长度、纵向开孔刀与秧针夹角为影响因子,以膜孔长度、膜孔与秧针偏差为响应函数,对纵向开孔刀的结构参数进行优化试验研究及试验台验证。结果表明：当作业速度≤1.4 m/s,在120、140和160 mm 3种株距条件下,纵向开孔刀长为65 mm、纵向开孔刀与秧针夹角为0°时,所开膜孔长度为31.8～42 mm,膜孔与穴口偏差0.21～0.78 mm,膜孔合格率达92%以上。研究结果为水稻秸秆基纤维地膜敷设插秧机同步膜上开孔装置的设计提供了参考。Plant fiber film can solve the weeding problem of organic rice cultivation, as opaque film disrupts the weed＇s photosynthesis; and it also can be completely degraded before the harvest. Nevertheless, rice seedlings are transplanted directly through the seedling-separating needles, which causes that the roots of seedlings are seriously damaged. In order to solve this problem, a transplanting synchronous puncher was designed based on general rotary transplanting mechanism, which mainly consisted of 4 parts, including seedling-separating needle, longitudinal puncher, transverse puncher and seedling-pushing device. With the motion of seedling-separating needle, the longitudinal puncher punched 2 longitudinal holes at first, and then the transverse puncher fastened to seedling-pushing rod cut the joint of the longitudinal holes. The structure parameter of transverse puncher could be chosen on the basis of seedling-separating needle and seedling-pushing rod. The width of transverse puncher was 15 mm, and the length of transverse puncher was 40 mm. So the longitudinal puncher was the key component, which decided the punching effect of the film hole. According to the equations of puncher and seedling-tip＇s motion and the constraint condition of operation process, the structure parameter of longitudinal puncher was calculated in theory, which was that the length of longitudinal puncher was from 50 to 70 mm, and the angle between puncher and needle was from-10° to 10°. The three-dimensional（3D） model of transplanting synchronous puncher was built by the Solidworks, and the virtual prototype was simulated by the automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems（ADAMS） to analyze the key points＇ motion trails of longitudinal puncher. A virtual orthogonal test of 3 factors with 3 levels was performed with the simulation model. The rotational speed selected was 225, 250 and 300 r/min. The length of longitudinal puncher was selected to 50, 65 and 80 mm. The angle between puncher and needle included-20, 0 and 20°

关 键 词：农业机械 优化 运动学 正交试验 覆膜插秧机 同步膜上开孔装置 水稻 

分 类 号：S223.912[农业科学—农业机械化工程]