水氮耦合对滴灌复播油葵光合特性和土壤水分利用的影响  

Effect of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Photosynthesis and Soil Water Use of Oil Sunflower in Drip-irrigated Multiple Cropping System

作　　者：权丽双 郑旭荣[1] 王振华[1] 裴磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院/石河子大学现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《核农学报》2016年第5期1021-1029,共9页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B06;2015BAD20B03);石河子大学高层次人才科研启动专项(RCZX201433)

摘　　要：为了解水氮耦合对新疆北部石河子地区滴灌复播油葵光合特性和土壤水分利用的影响,以当地油葵主栽早熟品种新葵杂五号为试料,在滴灌条件下进行水氮两因素三水平完全处理小区试验。结果表明,滴灌复播油葵耕层耗水量随生育进程的变化规律为:开花期>现蕾期>灌浆期>苗期>成熟期,现蕾期和开花期是2个需水关键期,尤其开花期对水分最敏感;耕层(0~40cm)耗水量随灌水定额和施氮量的增加而增大;灌水量3 000 m^3·hm^(-2)、纯施氮量232 kg·hm^(-2)的水氮组合在土壤水分利用效率和油葵产量方面表现出显著的耦合效果。本研究为寻求滴灌复播油葵高效水氮优化方案和水氮高效利用提供了科学依据。In this study,a field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on the photosynthesis characteristics and soil water use of oil sunflower in a drip-irrigated multiple cropping system in the Shihezi region of Northern Xinjiang. Xinkuiza V,an early-maturing variety commonly cultivated in the region,was used in the two-factor（ water and nitrogen） three-level completely randomized plot experiment. The oil sunflower was dripirrigated. The results showed that the variation of topsoil water consumption of oil sunflower in a drip-irrigated multiple cropping system follow the growing process for anthesis flower bud grouting seedling maturity,anthesis and flower bud are two key water requirement periods,in particular,the anthes is the most sensitive stage to water; topsoil（ 0 to 40cm） water consumption increases with the increase of irrigation quota and the amount of nitrogen application; the water-nitrogen combination treatment of 3 000 m-3 water per hm-2 and 232 kg nitrogen per hm-2 showed obvious coupling effect in the soil water use and yield. This study provides a scientific basis for the application of the high efficiency water and nitrogen optimization scheme and water and nitrogen efficient utilization of oil sunflower in drip-irrigated multiple cropping system.

关 键 词：油葵 滴灌复播 水氮耦合 光合特性 土壤水分利用 

分 类 号：S565.5[农业科学—作物学]