考虑车轮材料空洞的高速轮轨接触应力分析  

Stress Analysis of High-speed Wheel-rail Contact with Wheel Material Cavity Considered

作　　者：邓永权[1] 梁红琴[1] 蔡慧[1] 李伟[1] 金学松[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学牵引动力国家重点实验室,成都610031

出　　处：《机械科学与技术》2016年第6期933-938,共6页Mechanical Science and Technology for Aerospace Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51175439);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2682013BR009)资助

摘　　要：针对高速车辆车轮材料的空洞现象,利用弹塑性有限元方法,建立了车轮材料含有空洞的轮轨接触三维数值模型。模型中采用了非线性的车轮材料本构关系,计算分析了空洞大小、位置和轮重对车轮材料应力应变分布的影响。计算结果表明:轮轨接触作用下,空洞附近车轮材料易出现塑性变形和应力集中现象,且在160°和340°的空洞附近应力和应变值最大;在小于1 mm范围,空洞直径为0.1 mm时车轮材料最易萌生裂纹;当空洞离踏面距离小于15 mm,空洞离踏面距离对车轮疲劳萌生影响明显;随着轮重增加,其空洞附近车轮材料应力应变会随着增大。Because there are wheel material cavities in a high-speed wheel,the three-dimensional wheel-rail contact model of a cavity in the wheel is established with the elastic-plastic finite element method. The non-linear constitutive relation of wheel material is employed in this model. The influence of cavity dimension,cavity location and wheel load on the stress and strain distributions of the wheel material is investigated. The calculation results show that the plastic deformation and stress concentration tend to occur in the wheel material close to the cavity. The stress and strain maximum values of the wheel material appear near the cavities which are located in the wheel＇s rim direction of about 160° and 340°. For the cavity whose dimension is less than 1 mm,the fatigue crack initiates easily when the cavity has a diameter of 0. 1 mm. When the distance between wheel tread and cavity is less than15 mm,its influence on the wheel＇s fatigue crack initiation is significant. As the wheel load increases,the stress and strain values of the wheel material around the cavity increase simultaneously.

关 键 词：高速车轮 轮轨接触 空洞 应力应变 有限元法 

分 类 号：TH117[机械工程—机械设计及理论]