哈尔滨市农民工子女社交焦虑及母亲影响因素的2年追踪调查  

A 2-year follow-up investigation of social anxiety and its maternal influencing factors of peasant-worker＆#39;s children in Harbin

作　　者：陈福丽[1] 李洪杰[1] 任晓菲[1] 苏淑阁 辛志宇[1] 王忆军[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学教研室,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《中华行为医学与脑科学杂志》2016年第5期467-471,共5页Chinese Journal of Behavioral Medicine and Brain Science

摘　　要：目的 了解哈尔滨市农民工子女社交焦虑随时间变化的特点,探究其与性别、父母争吵、离异及母亲因素之间的关系,为其干预治疗提供科学依据.方法 2012年采用整群抽样的方法选取哈尔滨市3所小学1～5年级学生进行相关问卷调查.2014年对其中的农民工子女采用同样的问卷进行追踪调查.问卷内容包括：学生一般情况,儿童社交焦虑量表,父母养育方式评价量表,接纳量表和心理控制量表.结果 （1） 2012年、2014年社交焦虑检出率分别为29.3％、30.2％,差异无统计学意义（Х^2=0.111,P=0.790）;但2年间社交焦虑得分的差异有统计学意义[2012：（6.90±4.26）分;2014：（5.88±4.20）分;t=3.419,P=0.001].高年级学生的社交焦虑新发生人数较少,症状缓解能力较好;男、女生之间社交焦虑新发生和缓解情况的差异均无统计学意义（新发生：Х^2 =0.018,P=0.910;症状缓解Х^2=0.541,P=0.518）.（2） 2012年父母争吵、离异学生社交焦虑检出率差异均无统计学意义（父母争吵：Х^2=0.881,P=0.393;父母离异：Х^2 =0.246,P=0.658）.2014年父母争吵、离异学生社交焦虑检出率均显著高于正常家庭儿童（父母争吵：Х^2=11.758,P=0.001;父母离异：Х^2=9.907,P=0.004）;父母离异的学生社交焦虑检出率随时间变化不断增加（Х^2=4.398,P=0.041）.（3） 2012年和2014年,农民工子女社交焦虑均与母亲过干涉？偊b过保护、母亲拒绝否认、母亲惩罚严厉呈显著正相关,与母亲接纳呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）.2014年,其与母亲情感温暖理解呈显著负相关、与母亲控制呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）.（4） 2012年,母亲拒绝否认对农民工子女社交焦虑的回归系数为0.186;2014年,母亲接纳、控制对其回归系数分别为-0.266、0.169.结论 社交焦虑可自发缓解,且小学高年级的缓解能力较好.父母争吵、离异、母亲因素均对农民工子女社交焦虑的发生发展有一定影�Objective To determine the development characteristics of social anxiety of peasant-worker＇s children in Harbin,and explore the effect of gender,parents quarrel,parents divorced and maternal factors on social anxiety.The study provided a scientific basis for the intervention of social anxiety.Methods The children in grade 1-5 from 3 schools in Harbin were collected by random cluster sampling in 2012.Then the same questionnaire was used to track the peasant-worker＇s children in 2014.The questionnaire included general information,Social Anxiety Scale for Children （SASC）,Egna Minnen av Bardndosna Uppforstran （EMBU）,Acceptance Subscale and Psychological Control Scale.Results （1） The detection rates of social anxiety of peasant-worker＇s children in 2012 and 2014 were respectively 29.3%,30.2%,and the detection rates had no significant difference （Х^2=0.111,P=0.790）.But there was significantly difference between the two years（2012：6.90±4.26;2014：5.88±4.20;t=3.419,P=0.001）.Children of newly occurring social anxiety in high grade was fewer and the ability to symptom relief was better.There was no significant difference between boys and girls on newly occurring and symptom relief（newly occurring：Х^2=0.018,P=0.910;symptom relief：Х^2 =0.541,P=0.518）.（2） In 2012,the differences of the detection rate of children＇s social anxiety on parents quarrel,parents divorced were not significant （parents quarrel：Х^2 =0.881,P=0.393;parents divorced：Х^2=0.246,P=0.658）.In 2014,the detection rate of children＇s social anxiety on parents quarrel,parents divorced were significantly higher than children in normal families （parents quarrel：Х^2=11.758,P=0.001;parents divorced：Х^2 =9.907,P=0.004）.The detection rate of children＇s social anxiety of divorced parents increased with age（Х^2 =4.398,P=0.041）.（3） In 2012 and 2014,children＇ s social anxiety had positive correlation with mother excessive interference and over-protective,mother refusing and denying,mother puni

关 键 词：农民工子女 社交焦虑 追踪调查 母亲因素 

分 类 号：R749.72[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]