成熟期温度对烟叶质体色素积累及香气成分的影响  

Effects of temperature on plastid pigment accumulation and aroma components in tobacco leaves at mature stage

作　　者：杨永霞[1] 张嘉炜[1] 贾宏昉[1] 路小改 杨胜男[1] 连文力 崔红[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家烟草栽培生理生化研究基地河南农业大学烟草学院,郑州市文化路95号450002

出　　处：《烟草科技》2016年第5期16-22,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：中国烟草总公司重大专项"浓香型特色优质烟叶开发"(110200902045 TS-01)

摘　　要：为明确成熟期温度对烟叶品质风格的影响机制,以烟草品种K326为材料,采用盆栽试验在烟株打顶后将其分别转移至日均温度28.1℃和22.8℃的人工气候室中控温培养,在培养30 d后对中部叶片细胞结构、色素积累及烟叶香气成分进行分析。叶片超微结构观察结果显示,在烟叶成熟期高温条件下,叶片细胞核降解程度提高,淀粉粒含量(质量分数)丰富,嗜锇颗粒数量多、体积较大,叶绿体降解充分,类囊体片层不完整。LC/MS分析表明,成熟期高温处理的叶片中质体色素,包括β-胡萝卜素、新黄质、紫黄质、叶黄素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b等含量(质量分数)均低于低温处理的叶片。而在烤后烟叶中类胡萝卜素降解产物芳樟醇、异佛尔酮、β-二氢大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、巨豆三烯酮4、法尼基丙酮、螺岩兰草酮等,叶绿素降解产物新植二烯含量显著高于低温处理的叶片。因此,烟叶成熟期高温促进了叶片细胞结构的降解和内含物质的积累,有利于质体色素降解和香气物质的生成,对烟叶品质和风格具有较大影响。To study the effects of temperature on the quality and taste style of tobacco leaves at mature stage, a pot experiment using flue-cured cv. K326（Nicotiana tabacum） was carried out. After topping, tobacco plants were transferred into artificial climate chambers with daily average temperature of 28.1 ℃ and 22.8 ℃, respectively.Cell structure, pigment accumulation and aroma components in middle leaves were analyzed after growing for 30 days. The leaf ultrastructure analysis indicated that under the higher temperature treatment（28.1 ℃） at mature stage, the cell nucleus in leaves degraded more completely, the content of starch grain was more abundant, the number and volume of osmiophilic particles increased, chloroplasts fully degraded and thylakoid lamellae partially completed. LC/MS analysis showed that the contents of plastid pigments, including β-carotene, neoxanthin,violaxanthin, lutein, chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, under the higher temperature treatment were lower than those under the lower temperature treatment. However, the contents of carotenoids degradation products（including linalool, isophorone, β-damascone, dihydroactinidiolide, megastigmatrienone-4, farnesylacetone, solavetivone） and chlorophyll degradation product（neophytadiene） in leaves under the higher temperature treatment weresignificantly higher than those under the lower temperature treatment. In conclusion, the higher temperature at mature stage promotes the degradation of cell structure and plastid pigment and the accumulation of cell inclusion,which is beneficial to the generation of aroma substances and greatly improves the quality and taste style of tobacco leaves.

关 键 词：烟叶 成熟期 温度 质体色素 香气物质 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]