小麦秸秆还田方式对水稻田杂草化学防治效果及水稻产量的影响  

Effect of Different Wheat Straw-returning Patterns on Weed Chemical Control and Rice Yield in Paddy Field

作　　者：李贵[1] 冒宇翔[2] 沈俊明[2] 薛林[2] 王晓琳[1] 张自常[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院植物保护研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226541

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2016年第5期1102-1109,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303022);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2012BAD19B02);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[cx(15)1004];江苏省农业科学院科研业务专项经费(6003)

摘　　要：为了明确小麦秸秆不同还田方式及其与化学除草剂相互作用对水稻田杂草控制和水稻产量的影响,探讨化学除草剂减量使用的可行性。通过田间小区试验研究了小麦秸秆全量覆盖还田、全量浅旋还田、全量深埋还田、秸秆不还田4种方式下不同剂量69%苄嘧磺隆·苯噻酰草胺WG(0、207、414、621、828 g/hm2)对水稻田主要杂草控制效果和水稻产量的影响。结果表明:小麦秸秆还田对水稻田千金子、稗草、鸭舌草、水苋菜、异型莎草等杂草具有良好的抑制作用,且全量覆盖还田和全量浅旋还田效果明显优于全量深埋还田效果。同时小麦秸秆还田显著促进了较低剂量苄嘧磺隆·苯噻酰草胺WG(207 g/hm2)对鸭舌草、千金子控制效果,药后45 d全量覆盖还田、全量浅旋还田结合207 g/hm269%苄嘧磺隆·苯噻酰草胺WG对杂草总体控制效果在95%以上,优于414 g/hm2单独使用效果,而与推荐剂量(621 g/hm2)单独使用效果没有显著差异。秸秆还田可有效促进水稻生长和分蘖,增加水稻产量,秸秆还田与化学除草剂协同作用对水稻生长和产量的影响更为明显。虽然秸秆覆盖还田条件下不同剂量除草剂对水稻有效分蘖数和产量没有显著差异,但是1/3推荐剂量69%苄嘧磺隆·苯噻酰草胺WG(207 g/hm2)在抑制杂草危害、促进水稻产量方面与推荐剂量效果相当,水稻有效分蘖数较空白对照增加44.4%,株高增加12.9%,产量增加51.2%,均明显优于秸秆单独还田和除草剂单独使用效果。生产上可利用小麦秸秆覆盖还田的物理作用和化感作用延缓杂草萌发和生长,减少水稻田杂草发生数量,同时配合50%推荐剂量69%苄嘧磺隆·苯噻酰草胺WG来有效控制水稻田杂草危害和提高水稻产量,降低苄嘧磺隆·苯噻酰草胺WG使用量50%左右。In order to evaluate the effects of different wheat straw-returning patterns and their interaction with herbicide on weed chemical control and reduction in herbicide,the effects of different Bensulfuron-methyl·Mefenacet dosages（0,207,414,621,828 g / hm2） on the weed amount,growth and rice yield by field plot experiments under the conditions of all straw mulching（SM）,all straw shallow rotary incorporation（RI） and all straw deep buried（DB） were investigated. The results showed that 3 wheat straw-returning patterns could inhibit the germination and growth of main weeds in paddy field,such as Leptochloa chinensis（L.） Nees,Echinochloa crusgalli（L.） Beauv.,Monochoria vaginalis（Burm. f.） Presl,Ammannia baccifera L. and Cyperus difformis L.,and the inhibitory effects under the SM and RI were more excellent than that under the DB. Meanwhile,wheat straw-returning enhanced the efficiency of 207 g / hm2Bensulfuron-methyl·Mefenacet to the L. chinensis and M. Vaginalis,and the control effect of SM and RI with 207 g / hm2Bensulfuron-methyl·Mefenacet to the total weeds maintained above 95 % 45 d after herbicide application,which had no significant difference with effect of 612 g / hm2 alone and were better than 414 g / hm2 alone. Wheat straw-returning also facilitated rice growth,tillering and yield,which could be improved by herbicide. In the SM,there were no significant difference in effective tillering number and yield among the different herbicide dosage,but the effect of 69 % Bensulfuron-methyl·Mefenacet（207 g / hm2） on weed control and rice output under 1 /3 recommended dose were the same as that of recommended dose,and the rice effective tillering number,plant height and yield increased 44. 4 %,12. 9 % and 51. 2 %,respectively,which were more excellent than that of wheat straw-returning alone or 207 g / hm2 alone. So,wheat straw mulching with lower dosage herbicide could suppress weed germination and growth,promote rice production and decrease the Bensulfuron-methyl·Mefenacet applicati

关 键 词：小麦秸秆 还田方式 除草剂 杂草 水稻 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]