“亚历山大”葡萄疏果省力化关键技术  

Key techniques of simplification of fruit thinning in the grape cultivar “Muscat of Alexandria”

作　　者：张丽平[1] 卢晓明[1] 陆玫丹[1] 王莉[1] 李坤峰[2] 沈林章 贾惠娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学园艺系农业部园艺作物生长发育重点实验室,杭州310058 [2]浙江大学农业科学试验站长兴分站,浙江湖州313100 [3]长兴县农业局经作站,浙江湖州313100

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2016年第3期327-332,共6页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：浙江大学"国家级大学生创新创业训练计划"(2013-10335033);国家科技支撑计划"东南沿海地区大学农业科技服务技术集成与示范"(2013BAD20B00)

摘　　要：以六年生＂亚历山大＂（Vitis vinifera cv.Mascat of Alexandria）葡萄为试材,在盛花期前15d左右、花穗长度为3.0~8.0cm时使用5个不同质量浓度（1、2、3、4和5mg/L）的赤霉酸（GA3）溶液对葡萄花穗进行喷洒处理,研究GA3处理对疏果简约化和果实品质的影响。结果表明,3mg/L的GA3在新稍长度为15~20cm、展叶数为6~7片（花穗长度为4.0cm左右）时处理效果最佳。与自然生长果穗相比,可使花穗拉长50%,果穗疏松但不过于松散,坐果较好,平均穗质量最大,并能有效减少疏果工作量,省工38%。与对照相比,不同质量浓度的GA3处理均显著提高了＂亚历山大＂葡萄果实中可溶性固形物、葡萄糖、果糖、酒石酸、苹果酸和芳樟醇含量,并且3mg/L处理显著提高了葡萄果实中总酚和橙花醇含量。因此,3mg/L GA3处理的果实品质较优,并且能够有效减少人工疏果的工作量。生产中建议在盛花期前15d左右用3mg/L GA3对＂亚历山大＂葡萄花穗进行喷施处理,以减少劳动成本、提高劳动效率。＂Alexander＂grape（Vitis vinifera cv.Muscat of Alexandria）belongs to Euro-Asian species and performs excellent in the southern China such as Zhejiang Province.However,as its high fruit setting and compact fruit spikes,fruit thinning in time was very necessary.Currently,elongating clusters of grape using gibberellin（GA3）is widely applied in Euro-American species;however,the effects of clusters elongation on fruit quality and simplified degree of fruit thinning have not been reported.In addition,the concentration of GA3 used for clusterselongating have great differences according to sensitive degree of cultivars.We explored the effects of GA3 treatment on simplification of fruit thinning and fruit quality in this study,in order to provide the theoretical basis and technical support for industrial development of＂Alexander＂grape.Six-year-old ＂Mascat of Alexandria＂trees were used in this study.Clusters were sprayed with different concentrations（1,2,3,4,and 5mg/L）of GA3 when their length reached 2.71-8.68 cm about 15 days before fullbloom stage of＂Alexander＂grape to explore the effects of GA3 treatment on simplification of fruit thinning and fruit quality.Fruits were picked when the total soluble solid（TSS）content reached 17% and were sampled when they reached commercial maturity.The length of the clusters and quality indexes were determined at harvest.The results showed that the treatment effect of 3mg/L GA3 solution was the best when the new shoot length reached 15-20 cm,the leaf number was 6-7pieces and the average length of the clusters was 3.53 cm.Compared with the control（0mg/L GA3treatment）,3mg/L GA3 treatment can elongate clusters by 50%,obtain loose fruit spikes but not too loosen as well as better fruit setting.The average fruit spike mass reached the maximum value after 3mg/L treatment,and can reduce workload of fruit thinning by 38%.Compared with the control,treatment with different concentrations of GA3 solution all enhanced the content of TSS,glucose,fructose,tartaric aci

关 键 词：葡萄 赤霉素(GA3) 亚历山大 花穗 果实品质 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]