早熟型冬小麦群体性状及产量对氮磷肥和种植密度的响应  

Population Characteristics and Yield Response of Early Maturity Winter Wheat to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization and Planting Density

作　　者：刘孝成[1,2] 石书兵[1] 赵广才[2] 常旭虹[2] 王德梅[2] 陶志强[2] 杨玉双[2] 王美[1,2] 郭明明[2,3] 亓振[2] 王雨[2] 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830000 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点试验室,北京100081 [3]徐淮地区连云港农业科学研究所/连云港市农业科学院,江苏连云港222006

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2016年第6期752-758,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业小麦产业技术体系(CARS-3-1-26);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610092015001-06);中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目

摘　　要：为确定早熟型冬小麦品种中麦8号在高肥力田达到最佳群体质量时合理的氮磷肥施用量和适宜的种植密度,采用两因素裂区试验设计,主区设4个氮磷肥施用量水平,分别为N120P96(纯氮120kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5 96kg·hm^(-2))、N_(180)P_(144)(纯氮180kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5 144kg·hm^(-2))、N240P192(纯氮240kg·hm^(-2),P_2O_5 192kg·hm^(-2))、N_(300)P_(240),(纯氮300kg·hm^(-2)、P_2O_5 240kg·hm^(-2));副区设3个种植密度,分别为D180(180万株·hm^(-2))、D240(240万株·hm^(-2))和D300(300万株·hm^(-2)),研究了氮磷肥和种植密度对小麦群体性状、产量及其构成的影响。结果表明,随着氮磷肥施用量的增加,小麦开花后干物质积累量和产量均降低;种植密度的增加提高了成熟期群体总茎数和单位面积穗数,而千粒重表现出相反的趋势。在N180P144至N_(300)P_(240),范围内,同一施肥条件下花后干物质积累量随种植密度的增加而增加。在土壤肥力较高的条件下,早熟品种中麦8号在种植密度180万株·hm^(-2)、施纯氮120kg·hm^(-2)和P_2O_5 96kg·hm^(-2)的条件下,产量达到最高。In order to determine the reasonable application amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and the suitable planting density for early maturity winter wheat Zhongmai 8,a split-plot design field experiment was conducted to study the effects of the population characteristics, yield and its component factors. The main plot was treated with four levels of N and P2Os application rate： N 120 kg·hm^-2 and P2Os496 kg·hm^-2（NI2oP96） ,N 180 kg·hm^-2 and PeO5 144 kg·hm^-2 （N180P144） ,N 240 kg·hm^-2 and P20a 192 kg·hm^-2（N240 P192 ）, and N 300kg·hm^-2 and P205 240 kg·hm^-2（N300 P240 ）, and subplot was treated with three planting density. 1.80 （D180）, 2.40 （D240） and 3.00 （D300） million plants per hectare. The results showed that,with the increase of the fertilizer amount, both the dry matter accumulation after blooming and the yield were reduced; the increase of the planting density could improve the total number of population stems and spike number per unit area, but 1 000-grain weight performed the reverse trend. Within the range between N180 P144 and Na00 P240, the dry matter accumulation after blooming was increased with the increase of the planting density. In conclusion, under the experi- mental condition of the higher soil fertility,Zhongmai 8 will obtain the maximum yield with the conditions of 120kg·hm^-2 of nitrogen fertilizer, 96 kg·hm^-2 of phosphorous fertilizer, and 1.80 million plants per hectare of the planting density.

关 键 词：冬小麦 氮磷肥 种植密度 群体性状 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311