英汉语言中“音响形象”的理据性研究  

The Motivated Research of Sound-Image In Chinese and English

作　　者：张淑芳[1] 贾卫章[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江越秀外国语学院

出　　处：《语言教育》2016年第2期53-58,共6页Language Education

基　　金："2014年绍兴市高等教育教学改革科研项目"的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要："音响形象"这个说法是索绪尔最早提出的,是指语言的声音。后来他用"能指"这个表达代替了"音响形象"说法。他认为"能指"和"所指"之间没有逻辑的必然联系,完全是任意性的。任意性被看作是语言的根本属性。但随着人们对语言研究的进一步深入,尤其是随着认知语言学的发展,越来越多的研究证实在语言的多个层面上,象似性与理据性也是不可忽视的。事实上,语言学家、社会学家、心理学家等对语音象征(或联觉通感、音义学)的研究由来已久。英汉两种语言即使从"音响形象"的音素层面与单音节(或词根)层面上看,语言的理据性也是有理可证的,并且在一定程度上两种语言的理据性是互通的。语言的任意性应该指语言的约定俗成性。承认语言的任意性,为研究语言的结构打下了坚实的基础,也就为我们进一步研究语言提供了一个缺省值。但探究人类语音的理据性无论对人类语言理论的研究完善还是对实际的语言教学都有很大的应用价值。Sound-image was first proposed by Saussure,which was used to refer to the language sound,and later he replaced it with signifier.He thought the relation between the signifier and the signified was not logical and meaning-related.So the arbitrariness of language has been thought of as the most important feature for language research.However,with the further development of linguistics,cognitive linguistic in especial,more and more evidence has been put forward to show the relationship and iconicity between the signifier and signified on different levels of language.In fact,the research of sound symbolism（or synesthesia,phonosemantics）has been made by linguists,sociologists,psychologists etc.for a long time.The universal phenomenon in human languages has shown that the relationship between human languages and the object world is not merely arbitrary.Even from the level of phone and monosyllable（or root of sound-image）,the motivatedness of language can be verified.In some degree,the arbitrariness of language refers to the conventionalization of language.The arbitrariness of language is useful for language research,as it lays a solid foundation for further study of language.That means it gives us a default value to make a further study of language.But the motivated research on human languages is of great significance both to improve the theory itself and to put it into use in our language learning and teaching.

关 键 词：音响形象 语音象征 理据性 任意性 约定俗成性 

分 类 号：H0[语言文字—语言学]