纳米银污染对蚕豆根尖微核率影响及评价研究  

Research on the Influence and Evaluation of Nano-silver Pollution on the Micronucleus Rate of the Root Tip of Vicia Faba

作　　者：黄德超[1] 任强[1] 刘蓉[2] 胡淑芬[1] 张重文[1] 张世杰[1] 黄德娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东华理工大学,江西南昌330013 [2]暨南大学理工学院,广东广州510632

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第4期711-714,共4页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：抚州市科技局科技专项项目(抚赣教指[2014]69号);国家自然科学基金项目(41361088)

摘　　要：近年来国际上对银系抗菌材料的研究非常活跃,甚至提倡用纳米粒子净化水源。但水体中纳米银浓度达到何种程度会对生物细胞产生危害至今未见相关研究报道。本文利用蚕豆(Vicia faba L.)根尖微核技术研究水体中纳米银的遗传毒性,以期为纳米银的生态安全评价提供理论依据。将不同浓度的纳米银溶液对蚕豆根尖细胞微核率进行了多重比较,以P<0.01作为差异有显著统计学意义的判断标准来确定纳米银浓度差异的显著性。并根据《全国生物技术监测规范——蚕豆根尖微核技术》所规定的污染指数划分标准,就蚕豆根尖对水体中纳米银污染程度进行评价。当水体中纳米银质量浓度为5μg·m L^(-1)时,微核率3.33‰,污染指数1.11,该纳米银质量浓度与空白对照组无极显著性差别,参考污染指数划分标准和评价方法,为基本无污染;当水体中纳米银质量浓度为50μg·mL^(-1)时,微核率为4.67‰,污染指数1.56,污染程度为轻度污染。随水体纳米银含量的增加,蚕豆根尖微核率和污染指数逐渐加大。当纳米银质量浓度为100和150μg·mL^(-1)时,微核率分别为6.67‰和10.67‰,污染指数分别为2.22和3.56,污染程度分别为中度污染和重度污染。多重比较显示,虽然纳米银质量浓度分别为5和50μg·mL^(-1)在微核率上差异未达极显著水平,但纳米银质量浓度50μg·mL^(-1)与空白对照组相比差异已经达极显著了。据此推断,当水体中纳米银质量浓度超出50μg·mL^(-1)时,会对生物细胞产生毒性效应。Research on the silver antimicrobial material is very active in recent years, and even promoted the use of nanoparticles to purify water. But how much water nano-silver concentration would cause harm to biological cells has not been reported in studies yet. In this paper, we studied the genetic toxicity of nano-silver in the water by applying the micronucleus technique on the root tip of Vicia faba to provide theoretical basis for evaluating ecological security. By applying different concentrations of nano-silver solution on the root tip of Vicia faba and comparing the micronucleus rate, usingP < 0.01 as a criteria that has statistical significance to determine the significance of the differences of nano-silver concentrations. According to the pollution index criteria standard defined in “National Biotechnology monitoring standards micronucleus technology of root tip of Vicia faba”, we evaluated the degree of pollution of the root tip of Vicia faba in nano-silver solution. The result shows that if the nano-silver solution is 5 μg·mL-1, the micronucleus rate will be 3.33‰, and the pollution index could be 1.11, that is, almost unpolluted, it is conclude that little significant difference can be found between that and the control group; If increase the concentration of nano-silver solution to 50 μg·mL-1, the micronucleus rate will be 4.67‰ with the pollution index of 1.56, which is, lightly polluted. While increasing the content of nano-silver solution, the micronucleus rate and the pollution index of the root tip of Vicia faba gradually increases. When the nano-silver's concentration is 100, 150 μg·mL-1, the micronucleus rate is respectively 6.67‰, 10.67‰ and the pollution index is 2.22 (moderately polluted), 3.56 (heavily polluted), respectively. Multiple comparsion shows that although the difference of micronucleus rate is not significant when the concentration is 50 μg·mL-1 compared to 5 μg·mL-1, the difference is outstanding and statistically significant (P<0.01) if compared to the contro

关 键 词：纳米银 蚕豆根尖细胞微核技术 微核率 污染指数 差异显著性 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]