玉米秸秆生物炭对褐土微生物功能多样性及细菌群落的影响  

Effect of corn-stalk biochar on soil microbial functional diversity and bacterial community in cinnamon soils

作　　者：武爱莲[1] 丁玉川[1] 焦晓燕[1] 王劲松[1] 董二伟[1] 郭珺[1] 王浩[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院农业环境与资源研究所,太原030006 [2]山西大学生物工程学院,太原030006

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2016年第6期736-743,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：山西省农业科技攻关项目(20130311009-2);山西省国际科技合作项目(2014081040)资助~~

摘　　要：生物炭施入土壤被认为是一种有效的固碳减排措施,可增加土壤有机碳及矿质养分含量,提高土壤的持水能力及保肥能力。为探明其施入土壤后对土壤微生物活性及多样性的影响,本文在盆栽试验条件下,采用Biolog与高通量测序相结合的方法,研究了CK(不施生物炭)和施用5 g·kg^(-1)、10 g·kg^(-1)、30 g·kg^(-1)、60 g·kg^(-1)玉米秸秆生物炭对土壤微生物碳源利用能力(AWCD)、功能多样性指数以及土壤细菌的丰度和多样性的影响。结果表明,随着生物炭施用量的增加,表征土壤微生物活性的AWCD值呈下降趋势,表现为:5 g·kg^(-1)处理≈CK>10 g·kg^(-1)处理>30 g·kg^(-1)处理>60 g·kg^(-1)处理,其中CK和5 g·kg^(-1)处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),而10 g·kg^(-1)、30 g·kg^(-1)和60 g·kg^(-1)处理在整个培养期间的AWCD值显著低于CK处理(P<0.05);土壤微生物群落代谢功能多样性指数(H′)、碳源利用丰富度指数(S)均随生物炭施用量的增加而呈下降趋势,但均匀度指数(E)表现出相反趋势,5g·kg^(-1)、10 g·kg^(-1)、30 g·kg^(-1)、60 g·kg^(-1)各处理的H′较CK处理分别增加0.16%、-0.88%、-3.14%、-11.09%,S分别增加-2.82%、-11.27%、-18.31%、-47.89%,E分别增加1.14%、3.00%、3.73%和13.76%。主成分分析表明,与CK处理比较,5 g·kg^(-1)处理对土壤微生物群落碳源利用方式没有显著影响(P>0.05),而10 g·kg^(-1)、30 g·kg^(-1)和60g·kg^(-1)处理对土壤微生物群落碳源利用方式影响显著(P<0.05)。随着生物炭施用量的增加,土壤细菌OTU数目及丰富度指数(Chao1)呈增加趋势,5 g·kg^(-1)处理与CK处理差异不显著,而10 g·kg^(-1)、30 g·kg^(-1)、60 g·kg^(-1)处理的OTU数目较CK处理分别增加1.09%、5.26%、24.42%,Chao1分别增加5.73%、10.21%、37.68%。土壤中施用生物炭后土壤细菌变形菌门(Proteobacteria)的丰度在CK处理和5 g·kg^(-1)处理间差异不显著(P>0.05),而10g·kg^(-1)、30 g·kg^(-1)、60 g·kg^(-1)处�Biochar application was considered as an effective way of carbon sequestration of soil. It has been known to improve both soil water and nutrient holding capacity. As a key indicator of soil fertility, microorganism plays an important role in soil ecosystem. It was necessary to understand the influence of biochar application on microbial community and functional diversity in calcareous cinnamon soils for rational utilization of biochar in cinnamon soils. A pot experiment with five biocharapplication levels [0 g·kg-1（as control）, 5 g·kg-1, 10 g·kg-1, 30 g·kg-1 and 60 g·kg-1] was conducted to investigate the response of soil microbial activity and diversity, using Biolog analysis and high-throughput sequestration（Hi Seq）. The results showed that the average rate of color change（AWCD） decreased with increasing biochar application level, and the AWCD values were in the order of 5 g·kg-1 ≈ control 10 g·kg-1 30 g·kg-1 60 g·kg-1 treatments. There was no significant difference between control and 5 g·kg-1 treatments in terms of AWCD. The soil microbial community diversity index（H′） and richness index（S） also decreased, but evenness index（E） increased with increasing biochar application level. Compared with the control, biochar application rates at 5 g·kg-1, 10 g·kg-1, 30 g·kg-1 and 60 g·kg-1 increased H′ by 0.16%,-0.88%,-3.14% and-11.09%; increased S by-2.82%,-11.27%,-18.31% and-47.89%; and increased E by 1.14%, 3.00%, 3.73% and 13.76%; respectively. Principal component analysis showed that carbon substrate utilization of soil microbial community was significantly affected by 10 g·kg-1, 30 g·kg-1 and 60 g·kg-1 biochar application. Hi Seq analysis showed that soil bacterial OTU enhanced significantly by 1.09%, 5.26% and 24.42%, respectively, in 10 g·kg-1, 30 g·kg-1 and 60 g·kg-1 biochar treatments, meanwhile, the richness index（Chao1） was increased by 5.73%, 10.21% and 37.68%, respectively, compared with that of control. Biochar enhanced the abundance of bacteria and d

关 键 词：生物炭 石灰性褐土 微生物活性 微生物多样性 BIOLOG 高通量测序 细菌群落 

分 类 号：S154.36[农业科学—土壤学]