青蒿素在全球疟疾控制中的地位与作用  

Roles of artemisinin in global malaria control program

作　　者：黄芳[1] 周晓农[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心寄生虫病预防控制所,世界卫生组织热带病合作中心,国家级热带病国际联合研究中心,卫生部寄生虫病原与媒介生物学重点实验室,上海200025

出　　处：《科学通报》2016年第15期1623-1625,共3页Chinese Science Bulletin

摘　　要：2015年10月5日,瑞典卡罗琳医学院宣布将2015年的诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予中国药学家屠呦呦与另外两位海外科学家,以表彰他们在疟疾等寄生虫病治疗研究方面的贡献,屠呦呦成为首位获得此奖项的中国科学家.疟疾是一种由蚊媒传播、疟原虫引起的具有传染性的寄生虫病,青蒿素的发现及其在疟疾治疗方面的应用,每年可以挽救数以百万计疟疾患者的生命.Prof. Tu Yuyu was awarded the 2015 Noble Prize in Physiology or Medicine due to her contribution to the discovery of artemisinin which saved more than millions of malaria patients worldwide. Malaria is a serious infectious disease caused by human infection with Plamodium spp., a protozoan parasite, transmitted by Anopheles spp. mosquitoes. The study of artemisinin was initiated in 1960 s during Vietnam war in which anti-malaria drugs were essential to maintain military capacity. More than 500 researchers from 60 institutions of 7 provinces in China were gathered together to form the so called ＂523＂research project on 23 May, 1967. In 1972, the research team led by Tu et al. successfully identified the active artimisinin against malaria in animal model after screening about 2000 herbs, with a lower temperature extraction method using diethyl ether. It was the first time for Prof. Tu to report to the experts from World Health Organization（WHO） on the results of artimisinin atimalaria activities in 1981. WHO recommended artemisinin-combination therapies（ACTs） as the first line drug against Plasmodium falciparum malaria for the global malaria control program in 2006. By 2013, 79 out of 87 countries have used the ACTs as the first line drug against malaria for P. falciparum malaria in their national malaria control programs. More than 393 million people received ACTs for malaria treatment in 2013. Based on the report jointly issued by WHO and UNICEF in September 2015, the mortality of malaria and that of children under five years old had been reduced by more than 60% and 65% respectively, since 2000. ACTs have saved the lives of more than 6.2 million people, among them about 5.9 million are children. Due to these achievements, WHO has also promoted the new 3T strategy（Test, Treatment and Track） into global malaria program in 2015, which mainly based on effective intervention by using ACTs with artimisinin. To better understand the roles of artimisinin in global malaria elimination program and promote i

关 键 词：MALARIA MOSQUITO VECTOR ARTEMISININ 

分 类 号：R531.3[医药卫生—内科学]