施肥与耕作技术集成对木薯养分积累、分配及淀粉含量的影响  

Effects of fertilization——tillage technology integration on nutrient accumulation and distribution,and starch content of cassava

作　　者：韦彩会[1] 何永群[1] 李婷婷[1] 张野[1] 何铁光[1] 莫成恩 韦家华 李忠义[1] 曾向阳[1] 黄伟彬 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,南宁530007 [2]武鸣县发展水果生产办公室,广西武鸣530100 [3]武鸣县科技服务中心,广西武鸣530100

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2016年第5期632-637,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：生态广西建设引导资金项目(桂财建函[2013]45号);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项项目(2015YT31);武鸣县科技局科技攻关项目(20130410;20140409)

摘　　要：【目的】研究施肥、盖膜集雨水及深耕等技术集成对木薯氮、磷、钾养分积累、分配及鲜薯淀粉含量的影响,为木薯优质高效栽培提供技术参考。【方法】共设4个不同施肥与耕作栽培技术集成处理,分别为生物有机肥＋测土配方肥＋盖膜集雨水＋深耕（处理1）、生物有机肥＋测土配方肥＋盖膜集雨水（处理2）、生物有机肥＋测土配方肥＋深耕（处理3）和生物有机肥＋测土配方肥（处理4）,以常规施肥（单施通用高浓度复合肥）及种植方式为对照（CK）。收获期分别测定地上部和块根的鲜重、干重和植株氮、磷、钾养分含量及鲜薯淀粉含量,并计算单位面积养分积累量和收获指数。【结果】不同施肥与耕作技术集成处理均能提高木薯植株干物质和养分积累量及养分在块根中的分配比例。与CK相比,地上部、块根和总干物质积累量分别提高9.47%~17.89%、21.97%~53.03%和16.74%~38.33%;块根中氮、磷、钾含量分别提高5.10%~21.43%、3.60%~12.61%和3.39%~8.47%;块根中氮、磷、钾养分比例分别提高14.95%~24.47%、4.79%~9.01%和5.58%~12.22%;每公顷积累的氮、磷、钾总量分别提高20.22%~38.85%、29.90%~45.76%和24.25%~38.12%,其块根氮、磷、钾积累量分别提高35.23%~68.84%、36.42%~56.98%和33.73%~52.31%;氮、磷、钾收获指数分别提高12.50%~20.83%、4.05%~6.76%和4.92%~11.48%,鲜薯淀粉含量和产量分别提高0~8.63%和24.54%~47.53%;其中处理1的干物质和养分积累量、鲜薯淀粉含量和产量均最高,增产提质效果最佳。【结论】同等养分施用量条件下,施肥与耕作技术集成处理可明显提高木薯的干物质、养分的积累与利用,并可提高鲜薯淀粉含量和产量。即生物有机肥＋测土配方肥＋盖膜集雨水＋深耕方式为木薯的最佳施肥及耕作栽培模式。【Objective】In order to provide technical reference for high-quality and high-efficiency cassava cultivation,effects of fertilization, rainwater-collection by covering film and deep tillage technologies integration on N, P, K accumulation, distribution and starch content of cassava were investigated. 【Method】The field experiment was conducted, which included four treatments, as follows： Treatment 1（bio-organic fertilizer＋soil testing and formulated fertilizer＋rainwatercollection by covering film＋deep tillage）, Treatment 2（bio-organic fertilizer＋soil testing and formulated fertilizer＋rain-fall-collection by covering film）, Treatment 3（bio-organic fertilizer＋soil testing and formulated fertilizer＋deep tillage）,Treatment 4（bio-organic fertilizer＋soil testing and formulated fertilizer）, with conventional fertilization（high-concentration compound fertilizer） and shallow tillage as control（CK）. The fresh weight and dry weight of overground part and root tuber, N, P, K contents of plant and starch content of fresh root tuber were investigated at harvest time. And the nutrient accumulation per unit area and harvest index were calculated. 【Result】The results showed that, all integrated technologies could improve dry mass and nutrient accumulation of cassava plant, and nutrient distribution ratio in cassava root tuber. And compared with those of CK, the overground part dry mass, root tuber dry mass and total dry mass were increased by 9.47%-17.89%, 21.97%-53.03%, 16.74%-38.33%, respectively; the N, P, K content of root tuber were increased by5.10%-21.43%, 3.60%-12.61%, 3.39%-8.47%, respectively; N, P and K ratios in root tuber were increased by 14.95%-24.47%, 4.79%-9.01% and 5.58%-12.22%, respectively; N, P and K accumulations per hectare were increased by20.22%-38.85%, 29.90%-45.76% and 24.25%-38.12%, respectively; the N, P and K accumulations in root tuber were increased by 35.23%-68.84%, 36.42%-56.98% and 33.73%-52.31%, respectively; the harvest indexes of N, P and K

关 键 词：木薯 施肥 盖膜集雨水 深耕 养分积累和分配 淀粉含量 

分 类 号：S533[农业科学—作物学]