不同倍性雄株对软枣猕猴桃坐果及果实性状的影响  

Effects of male plants with different ploidy on the fruit set and fruit characteristics in Actinidia arguta kiwifruit

作　　者：李志[1] 方金豹[1] 齐秀娟[1] 林苗苗[1] 陈锦永[1] 顾红[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所.中国农业科学院果树生长发育与品质控制重点开放实验室,郑州450009

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第6期658-663,共6页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程专项(CASS-ASTIP-2015-ZFR1);河南省现代农业产业技术体系项目(S2014-11);陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划(2012KTJD03-03)

摘　　要：【目的】了解不同倍性的雄株对软枣猕猴桃坐果及果实性状的影响,为生产上授粉雄株的选配提供依据。【方法】选用二倍体、四倍体、六倍体雄株花粉分别为四倍体软枣猕猴桃‘红宝石星’授粉。授粉30 d后,统计各授粉组合的坐果率。果实收获后,调查单果质量、果形指数、果肉颜色、可溶性固形物含量、种子数、种子质量等性状。【结果】用二倍体中华猕猴桃雄株为四倍体软枣猕猴桃‘红宝石星’授粉,落果严重,坐果率很低（4.7%～6.1%）;用四倍体中华猕猴桃‘磨山4号’授粉,雌株坐果率有所增加但仅有18.6%;而用六倍体美味猕猴桃雄株的花粉授粉后,雌株坐果率为52.4%～86.3%,与用四倍体的软枣猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉的坐果率相近。用四倍体的中华猕猴桃‘磨山4号’和六倍体的美味猕猴桃‘陶木里’花粉授粉,‘红宝石星’的单果质量、果肉色调角显著减小,果实中种子千粒重均减少,其中‘磨山4号’授粉处理引起种子千粒重显著减少。【结论】不同倍性的雄株显著影响了猕猴桃的坐果状况及果实的单果质量、果肉颜色、种子千粒重等性状。用二倍体中华猕猴桃雄株花粉为四倍体软枣猕猴桃‘红宝石星’授粉,坐果率很低（4.7%～6.1%）,难以满足生产上需求。用四倍体中华猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉时,雌株坐果率有所提高（18.6%）。用六倍体美味猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉时,坐果率高达86.3%,与用四倍体的软枣猕猴桃雄株花粉授粉的坐果率相近,但果实鲜质量显著减小。[Objective]In kiwifruit（Actinidia Lindl.）,chromosome ploidy varies among species or cultivars.Both male and female kiwifruit cultivars have the diversity in the ploidy.The fruit setting rate and fruit characteristics of a female cultivar may be influenced by the pollen donors which are used to pollinate the flowers of the female.The objective of this study was to explore the effects of male plants with different ploidy on the fruit set and fruit characterstics in A.arguta kiwifruit and to offer instructions for choosing male plant.[Methods]＇Ruby star＇（Actinidia arguta） is an all-red female kiwifruit cultivar.In this study,＇ Ruby star＇ with tetraploid was pollinated by pollens from male plants with different ploidy including two diploid A.chinensis male selections（＇9-16＇ ♂,＇2-69＇ ♂）,one tetraploid A.chinensis male cultivar（＇Moshan4＇）,one tetraploid A.arguta male selection（＇11-17＇ ♂）,one tetraploid A.arguta male cultivar（＇ Kuil（u｜＂） ♂）,one hexaploid A.deliciosa male selection（＇ 6-20＇ ♂） and one hexaploid A.deliciosa male cultivar（＇Tomuri＇）.The fruit setting rates of all combinations were investigated at 30 days after pollination.After harvest,characteristics of the fruits were evaluated including fruit weight,fruit- shape index,flesh color,soluble solids content,seed weight and seed number.[Results]When pollens of the two diploid A.chinensis male selections were used to pollinate ＇Ruby star＇,the fruits fell down seriously with very low fruit setting rate（4.7%-6.1%）.The fruit setting rates were nomal as expected following pollination by the tetraploid A.arguta male plants.When ＇Moshan4＇（a tetraploid A.chinensis male cultivar） was used as the pollen donor,the fruit setting rate of ＇Ruby star＇ increased,but was 18.6%only.Fruits of ＇Ruby star set well while their flowers were pollinated by Tomuri（a hexaploid A.deliciosa male cultivar） with fruit setting rate 52.4%- 86.3%which were close to the treatment when po

关 键 词：软枣猕猴桃 授粉 染色体倍性 坐果 果实性状 

分 类 号：S663.4[农业科学—果树学]