测验效应的内部机制--基于情景背景理论的视角  

The underlying mechanism behind testing effect: Perspective from the episodic context account

作　　者：刘怡[1] 高传吉 李兵兵[1] 郭春彦[1] 

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学心理系,北京市“学习与认知”重点实验室,北京100048 [2]Department of Psychology,Institute of Mind and Brain,University of South Carolina,Columbia,29201,USA

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2016年第6期892-899,共8页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31271078);北京市教委科技计划重点项目(KZ201410028034)资助

摘　　要："测验效应"指提取比同等时间的重复学习,在随后的记忆测验中有更好的成绩。多数理论从提取角度解释该现象。近些年,精细提取理论得到诸多研究支持,但2014年,Karpicke等人提出的情景背景理论,对测验激活语义关联信息的解释提出质疑,认为被试在提取模式中对先前时间背景信息的复原是测验效应形成的关键。本文比较了测验效应研究的最新理论,结合提取加工的研究方法和成果,从提取模式、提取方向的角度解释了测验效应的内在机制。Testing effect refers to the improvement of subsequent memory performance for test compared to restudy. Most theories argue that testing effect is a function of the retrieval mechanism. Recently, many research findings have supported elaborative retrieval theory. But the Episodic Context Account, proposed by Karpicke and colleages in 2014, contends that context reinstatement in retrieval mode, rather than semantic elaboration, plays a key role in the formation of testing effect. This review involves current theories of testing effect. On the basis of the Episodic Context Account and neuroscience studies of retrieval processes, the mechanism of testing effect could be explored more deeply from the angles of retrieval mode and retrieval orientation.

关 键 词：测验效应 提取加工 提取模式 提取方向 

分 类 号：B842[哲学宗教—基础心理学]