1株高效去除氨氮的红假单胞菌的分离鉴定及特性  

Isolation,Identification and Characteristics of a Rhodopseudomonas with High Ammonia-nitrogen Removal Efficiency

作　　者：黄雪娇[1] 杨冲[1] 倪九派[1] 李振轮[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源与环境学院土壤多尺度界面过程与调控重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《环境科学》2016年第6期2276-2283,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAJ11B03)

摘　　要：从云南某一沼泽地中分离筛选出1株可降解氨氮的光合细菌 psb1,细胞形态及活细胞特征吸收光谱与红假单胞菌属（Rhodopseudomonas sp.）基本一致.光合细菌16S rDNA 特异引物扩增序列比对结果表明,菌株 psb1与 Rhodopseudomonas sp.同源性达99％,且细菌叶绿素 Y 亚基的蛋白质序列比对结果表明,菌株 psb1与 Rhodopseudomonas palustris 相似性最大,为99％.但生理生化特征及其主要脂肪酸分析发现菌株 psb1与 Rhodopseudomonas palustris 有较大差异,菌株 psb1不能利用葡萄糖和甘露醇等,且含特定脂肪酸 C18：1 w6c .单一因素实验结果表明：菌株 psb1最适生长温度和 pH 分别为40℃和7.0,最优生长氮源为酵母膏；初始 pH 为6.0～7.0,30℃条件下厌氧光照培养,投加0.4％的 psb1菌剂对模拟废水中氨氮的去除率达99％以上.说明光合细菌 psb1为 Rhodopseudomonas 属的一个新菌,能高效去除氨氮,在景观水体水质调控中具有重要应用前景.A strain of photosynthetic bacterium named psb1 capable of ammonia-nitrogen degradation was isolated from a swamp in Yunnan. The psb1 was similar to Rhodopseudomonas sp. according to its cell morphological properties and absorption spectrum analysis of living cells. The alignment result of 16S rDNA amplification sequence with specific primers of photosynthetic bacteria showed that the homology between strain psb1 and Rhodopseudomonas sp. was 99% , and the alignment results of protein sequences of bacterial chlorophyll Y subunit showed that the strain psb1 and Rhodopseudomonas palustris were the most similar, with a similarity of 99% . But there was a great difference in the biological properties of the strains psb1 and Rhodopseudomonas palustris according to physiological biochemical characteristics and main fatty acid analysis. For example, strain psb1 could not utilize glucose and mannitol as carbon source, and had specific fatty acid C18：1 w6c . The results of single factor test showed that： the optimal growth was obtained at pH 7. 0 and 40℃, the optimal nitrogen source was yeast extract. The optimal conditions for ammonia nitrogen biodegradation were as following：anaerobic, light, initial pH 6. 0-7. 0, temperature 30℃ , inoculation volume 0. 4% . Under that cultural condition, the degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen in wastewater could reach 99% . The results indicated that strain psb1 might be a novel bacterium in genus Rhodopseudomonas with high ammonia removal efficiency, and can be applied in the bioremediation of polluted landscape water.

关 键 词：红假单胞菌 分离 鉴定 特性 氨氮 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学]