自然风景区雷电灾害风险评估方法研究  

Research of lightning risk assessment in the natural scenic spot

作　　者：成勤 史雅静[2] 刘云鹏 王清龙 

机构地区：[1]湖北省宜昌市防雷中心,宜昌443000 [2]湖北省防雷中心,武汉430074 [3]湖北省宜昌市气象局,宜昌443000

出　　处：《暴雨灾害》2016年第3期279-284,共6页Torrential Rain and Disasters

摘　　要：根据模糊理论和层次分析的方法,建立自然风景区雷电灾害风险评估模型。以三峡某自然风景区为例,选取符合该景区特性的准则层和方案层及其参数值,评估雷击人员伤亡损失风险,提出切实有效的整改措施。评估结果表明:该自然风景区雷电灾害风险较高;闪电密度、雷电流强度、雷电预警和响应系统、直击雷防护措施以及防接触和跨步电压措施对该自然风景区雷电灾害风险影响程度最大;为了减小雷电灾害风险,该自然风景区应建立雷电预警和响应系统,设置临时避雷场所,完善直击雷防护措施以及防接触和跨步电压措施,并进行防雷装置安全性能常规检测。Combining the fuzzy theory and analytic hierarchy process, we have established a lightning disaster risk assessment system for natural scenic spots. Take a natural scenic spot in the Three Gorges as an example, we selected the rule hierarchy and schematic layer suited to the characteristics of the scenic spot, assessed the risk for loss of lives caused by lightning, and put forward effective measures. The results show that the lightning disaster risk of the natural scenic spot is high. Lightning density, intensity of lightning current, lightning early warning and response system, lightning protection measures, and contact and step voltage protection measures all have serious influences on lightning risk. In order to reduce the risk of lightning disaster, it is needed to set lightning early warning and response systems, set up temporary lightning protection places, improve the lightning protection measures, improve contact and step voltage protection measures, and implement regular detection of lightning protection devices.

关 键 词：模糊理论 层次分析法 自然风景区 雷电灾害 风险评估 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]