土壤养分随地表径流流失机理与控制措施研究进展  

Review of Soil Nutrient Transport in Runoff and Its Controlling Measures

作　　者：王全九[1,2] 杨婷[1,3] 刘艳丽[1,3] 赵光旭[1,3] 张鹏宇[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]西北干旱区生态水利工程国家重点实验室培育基地,西安710048 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [3]西安理工大学水文及水资源研究所,西安710048

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2016年第6期67-82,共16页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51239009)

摘　　要：降雨条件下坡面土壤养分伴随水土流失而流出田块,不仅降低土壤肥力,而且引起水环境污染。从坡面养分迁移机理、数学模型模拟、控制措施3个方面对国内外学者在坡面养分随地表径流迁移过程的研究进展进行回顾。坡面养分迁移机理研究主要包括降雨特征、土壤特性、坡面特征、化学物质特征、耕作与施肥方式、地表覆盖及管理控制措施等因子对坡面养分迁移的影响作用。数学模型主要包括经验模型、基于物理过程的理论模型。物理基础模型基本上是在假设养分传递内在机制基础上建立的,包括混合层理论、对流扩散作用、雨滴击溅作用、水流冲刷作用等。考虑到我国土壤侵蚀现象严重,坡面养分迁移过程受到土壤侵蚀作用的影响,因此针对防治土壤侵蚀而提出了一些相关的控制养分迁移的措施。同时,对目前研究中存在的问题以及进一步需要深入研究的内容进行了说明。With the impact of rainfall,soil nutrient transported along soil particles and water into surface runoff. It decreased soil fertility,polluted water resources in surface and ground,and then induced a series of ecological environmental problems,which attracted more attentions of researchers at home and abroad. The objectives of the study mainly focused on the development of both the mechanism and controlling measures of soil nutrient transport proposed by researchers all over the world. For the mechanism,the impact of different factors on soil nutrient transport was mainly discussed,and the empirical models and physical based mathematical models were also discussed. Besides,all mentioned physical based models were based on the inner mechanism of nutrient transfer,including the theory of mixing depth,convection and dispersion,the impact of raindrop and water scouring. For the controlling measures,methods protecting soil and nutrients from erosion and runoff were proposed with consideration of serious erosion phenomenon in China. Meanwhile,the existed problem and further study work were also discussed.

关 键 词：溶质迁移 降雨 坡度 初始含水率 径流 模型拟合 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]