香菇工厂化栽培中常见霉菌的分离鉴定及抑菌剂筛选  

Identification of common molds in factory cultivation of Lentinula edodes and screening of fungistats

作　　者：朱晓玲[1,2] 章炉军[1] 张俊玲[1] 谭琦[1,2] 尚晓冬[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所/国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海201403 [2]南京农业大学生命科学学院,南京210095

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2016年第3期83-90,共8页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2013BAD16B02);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-24);上海种业专项[沪农科种字(2012)第6号]

摘　　要：为了明确香菇工厂化栽培中污染霉菌的优势种,对分离的49株常见霉菌进行鉴定,并针对优势种进行抑菌剂试验,筛选出绿色高效的抑菌剂。显微形态鉴定和ITS序列分析的鉴定结果表明:香菇工厂化栽培培养料中的霉菌优势种有:哈茨木霉、侧耳木霉、深绿木霉、短密青霉和总状毛霉,其分离频率分别为57%、25%、4%、6%和8%。H_2O_2、中生菌素和克霉灵对除短密青霉外的4种霉菌的菌丝抑制效果由强到弱依次为:H_2O_2、中生菌素和克霉灵,对5种霉菌的孢子萌发抑制作用由强到弱依次为:H_2O_2、中生菌素和克霉灵;这些抑菌剂中,H_2O_2的安全性最高,中生菌素次之。为制定香菇工厂化污染霉菌优势种的控制方案提供参考。In order to clarify dominant mold species in factory cultivation of Lentinus edodes,49 common molds were isolated and identified,and green and efficient fungistats were selected.Both morphological identification and ITS sequence analysis showed that the dominant mold species in the compost used for factory cultivation of L.edodes were Trichoderma harzinum,T.pleuroticola,T.atroviride,Penicillium brevicompactum and Mucor racemosus,and their isolation frequencies were 57%,25%,4%,6%and 8%respectively.The tests for 3 fungistats indicated that the descending order of inhibiting effects of fungistats on the hypha of the 4 mold species except P.brevicompactum was H_2O_2,Zhongshengmycin and Mepartricin,and that on the spore germination of all the 5 mold species was the same.H_2O_2had the highest safety in use and Zhongshengmycin took the second place.The above results could provide a scientific reference for mold pollution control in factory cultivation of L.edodes.

关 键 词：香菇 工厂化栽培 霉菌 鉴定 抑菌剂 

分 类 号：S436.46[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]