我国雷暴天气时空分布及预报预警研究进展  

Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Thunderstorm Weather and Forecast Early Warning Research Progress

作　　者：张建辉[1,2] 徐启运[1,2] 尹宪志[1,2] 陈祺[1,2] 杨增梓[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所,甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室,甘肃兰州730020 [2]甘肃省人工影响天气办公室

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2016年第10期212-215,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

摘　　要：雷暴天气是指伴有雷电、冰雹、大风和强降水的局地强对流性天气。我国夏季雷电灾害占全年雷电灾害的66%,严重威胁到飞机人工增雨、高炮防雹作业的安全。首先,分析了我国雷暴天气的时空分布特征;其次,在回顾国内外雷暴天气研究进展、雷暴天气成因和预报预警方法的基础上,探讨了雷暴天气防灾减灾的途径及方法。分析表明,雷暴天气的强弱与近地层大气不稳定、地气温差高低、相对湿度大小等关系密切,而特殊的地理环境和天气气候背景是我国雷暴天气多发、易发的重要条件,同时也是建立雷暴天气预报预警模型的着眼点;而雷达、云图和闪电定位仪等探测资料是提高雷暴天气短临预报预警水平的重要依据。The thunderstorm is a local strong convection weather accompanying with light, hail, strong wind and heavy precipitation. In China, the lightning strikes in summer take up about 66% in a whole year, which seriously threatened the safety of aircraft rain enhancement and cannon hail- suppression operation. In this paper,the spatial and temporal characteristics of thunderstorms were analyzed first, then based on a peer review of studies on thunderstorms causes, monition and forecast, the ways and methods of disaster prevention and mitigation were discussed. The analysis showed that the intensity of thunderstorms was related with stability of atmosphere in boundary layer,the temperature difference between the atmosphere and ground,relative humidity degree. The special geographical environment and weather climate background is the most important condition that thunderstorm is prone to generate and develop in china, but also the focus in the thunderstorm warning and forecasting models;radars, satellite and lightning locator and other equipment will play a more important role in improving the level of short-term and nowcast forecast as well as monitoring and early-warning system of thunderstorms.

关 键 词：雷暴 气象灾害 时空分布 成因 预报预警 

分 类 号：P446[天文地球—大气科学及气象学] P457.9