运动干预对学习困难、正常小学生执行功能影响的实验研究  

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Exercise Intervention on the Executive Functions of Primary Students with and without Learning Difficulties

作　　者：潘家礼[1,2] 殷恒婵[1] 陈爱国[3] 崔蕾[1] 王源[1] 崔映斌 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [2]四川文理学院体育学院,四川达州635000 [3]扬州大学体育学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《体育科学》2016年第6期84-91,F0003,共9页China Sport Science

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金(15YJAZH101);国家自然科学基金资助项目(31300863)

摘　　要：目的：探讨研发的篮球运动干预方案对学习困难和正常小学生执行功能的影响,比较学习困难和正常小学生执行功能干预前后的差异,揭示运动与学习困难小学生执行功能的关系,为学校促进学习困难小学生执行功能健康发展提供有效运动干预方案。方法：依据学习困难小学生选取标准,选取学习困难小学生和正常小学生,实验组48人（学习困难小学生23人,正常小学生25人）,对照组45人（学习困难小学生22人,正常小学生23人）;采用研发的篮球运动干预方案在体育课上对实验组进行运动干预,运动干预周期为10周,每周3次,每次运动持续时间30min,运动强度为中等强度（220-年龄）×（60%-69%）,测量干预前、后小学生执行功能的变化。结果：1）采用三因素重复测量方差分析,发现不同组别学习困难小学生干预前、后的执行功能变化具有显著性差异,实验组抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能反应时非常显著降低,对照组抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能反应时无显著变化;2）采用三因素重复测量方差分析,发现不同组别正常小学生干预前、后的执行功能变化具有显著性差异,实验组抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能反应时显著降低,对照组抑制功能、刷新功能和转换功能反应时无显著变化;3）采用三因素重复测量方差分析,发现实验组学习困难小学生执行功能的提高幅度非常显著高于实验组正常小学生执行功能的提高幅度。结论：运动干预对学习困难和正常小学生的执行功能均具有积极影响,实验组学习困难小学生执行功能的改善效果优于实验组正常小学生。The experiment is intended to explore the influences of the designed basketball intervention plans on the executive functions of primary students with and without learning difficulties by comparing the differences in their executive functions before and after the intervention,to reveal the relation between exercises and executive functions of primary students with learning disabilities,in order to provide primary schools with effective exercise intervention programs which promote executive functions of primary students with learning disabilities.Following the standard of defining primary students with learning difficulties,the study selected students both with and without learning difficulties as participants,The experimental group has48participants（23of them with difficulty,and the other 25 without difficulty）,and the control group has 45participants（22of them with difficulty,and the other 23 without difficulty）.The designed basketball intervention plans are applied in the physical education class（PE class）to practice exercise intervention on the experiment groups with moderate exercise intensity（220-age）x（60% -69%）,for 10 weeks,three times a week,30 minutes each time.Employing three-way repeated measure ANVA,The experiment found（1）Different groups of primary students with learning difficulties differ greatly in their executive functions before and after the intervention,with the reaction time of the inhibition,refresh and transformation functions of primary students in the experiment groups decreasing obviously while that of primary students in the control groups not changing obviously,（2）Primary students without learning difficulties in different groups differ significantly in their executive functions before and after the intervention,with the reaction time of the inhibition,refresh and transformation functions of primary students in the experiment groups decreasing obviously while that of primary students in the control groups not changing obviously,（3）The executive functions

关 键 词：运动干预 小学生 执行功能 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]