水肥耦合对马铃薯叶绿素和光合速率的影响  

Effect of Water and Fertilizer Coupling on Chlorophyllrelative Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Potato

作　　者：马国成[1] 尹娟[1,2,3] 李文证 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,银川750021 [2]旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程中心,银川750021 [3]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,银川750021

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2016年第6期35-40,共6页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51169020);教育部"长江学者和创新团队发展计划"创新团队项目(IRT 1067);宁夏大学研究生创新项目(GIP2015049)

摘　　要：通过大田膜下滴灌种植马铃薯试验,以补灌量(X_1)、施氮量(X_2)、施磷量(X_3)、施钾量(X_4)为试验因子,采用4因素10水平均匀设计方案,研究水肥耦合对马铃薯叶绿素相对含量(SPAD)和净光合速率(Pn)的影响。结果表明:SPAD值在苗期最高,最高值为56.4;在块茎成熟期最低,最低值为36.9;马铃薯Pn的日变化曲线呈现双峰趋势,中午有"午睡"现象;通过多因子及平方项逐步回归和偏最小二乘法回归建立模型,单因素对SPAD值的影响次序为:X_4>X_2>X_1>X_3,交互项效应对SPAD值的影响次序为:X_3X_4>X_1X_3>X_1X_4>X_2X_3>X_2X_4>X_1X_2;交互项效应对Pn的影响次序为:X_2X_4>X_2X_3>X_1X_3>X_3X_4>X_1X_2>X_1X_4;以SPAD值为目标时,最优SPAD值为44.76,相应的X_1、X_2、X_3、X_4分别为666.90m^3/hm^2、142.66、150、85.48kg/hm^2;以SPAD值和Pn为综合目标时,最优SPAD值为43.51,最优Pn为14.57μmol/(m^2·s),相应的X_1、X_2、X_3、X_4为:903.3m^3/hm^2、164.13、145、81.9kg/hm^2。The study was conducted to research the effect of irrigation water quantity,nitrogenous fertilizer,phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer on Chlorophyll relative content （SPAD）and net photosynthetic rate（Pn）of potatoes.The experiment was carried out with uniform design U10？（108 ）and designed with four factors,including irrigation norm（X1 ）,nitrogenous fertilizer （X2 ）, phosphate fertilizer （X3 ）,and potash fertilizer （X4 ）with ten levels for each factor.The regression models were established between SPAD,Pn and experimental factors by stepwise regression and partial least-squares regression.The results showed that：the SPAD value was the highest in seedling stage,the maximum was 56.4,and the lowest in tuber maturity stage,the minimum was 36.9;the diurnal variation of Pn had bimodal trend and the＆#39;midday depression＆#39;appeared at noon.Through regression analysis,the experimental factors with effects on SPAD ranged as X4 ,X2 ,X1 ,X3 .The interaction factors with effects on SPAD ranged as X3X4,X1X3,X1X4,X2X3,X2X4,X1X2,and the interaction factors with effects on Pn ranged as X2X4,X2X3,X1X3,X3X4, X1X2,X1X4.The optimal SPAD could achieve 44.76,with the values of X1,X2,X3,and X4 were 666.9 m3/hm2,142.66,150, and 85.48 kg/hm2 ,respectively.Comprehensively,the optimal SPAD and Pn could achieve 3.51 and 14.57μmol/（m2 ＆#183;s）,respectively,while the values of X1 ,X2 ,X3 ,and X4 were 903.3 m3/hm2 ,164.13,145,and 81.9 kg/hm2 ,respectively.

关 键 词：马铃薯 水肥耦合 叶绿素相对含量 净光合速率 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]