收入不平等、人力资本异质性与经济发展的多元均衡  

Income Inequality,Human Capital Heterogeneity and the Multiple Equilibrium of Economic Development

作　　者：范兆斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]暨南大学国际商学院,广东珠海519070

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第5期33-43,129-130,共11页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目<国际人口迁移;人力资本结构与中等收入陷阱研究>(批准号:13BRK013);广东省国家级重大培育项目<经济国际化的动态效应与多元稳态经济增长路径研究>(批准号:2014GWXM004)

摘　　要：收入不平等会通过影响人力资本结构和人力资本存量共同影响经济发展。从人力资本结构的角度看,经济中的收入分配越不平等,劳动力市场的摩擦成本越高,经济越容易形成通才型均衡,因此收入分配不平等对于经济发展具有负面影响。从人力资本存量的角度看,收入分配与经济发展的关系取决于经济所属的均衡类型和经济所处的发展阶段。在通才型均衡条件下,当经济处于较低发展阶段时,收入不平等与经济发展具有正向关系;而当经济进入高收入阶段时,收入不平等与经济发展具有反向关系。在专才型均衡条件下,当经济处于相对较低收入的阶段时,收入不平等与经济发展的关系具有不确定性,结果取决于信贷约束效应与摩擦成本效应的对比关系;而当经济处于相对较高收入的阶段时,收入不平等与经济发展具有反向关系。无论是从人力资本结构转型还是人力资本形成的角度看,我国目前都需要及时实行相对平等的收入分配政策。On the basis of the relations between human capital composition and economic development,this paper builds a unified growth model incorporated with specialization theory to analyze the effect of income inequality on economic development. The results show that income inequality influences economic development through affecting both the composition of human capital and the stock of human capital. From the viewpoint of human capital composition,the higher income inequality is,the higher frictional cost is in labor market,and the more likely economy becomes the equilibrium of generalist. Therefore,income inequality has a negative relation with economic development. From the viewpoint of human capital formation,the relations between income inequality and economic development depend on the type of economic equilibrium and the stage of economic development. In the case of generalist equilibrium,income inequality is positively related with economic development in the low-income stage. By contrast,income inequality is negatively related with economic development in the high-income stage. Meanwhile,in the case of specialist equilibrium,income inequality has an ambiguous relation with economic development in the low-income stage,the outcome depends on the effects on credit constraint and effects on frictional cost. By contrast,income inequality is negatively related with economic development in the high-income development stage. From both viewpoints of human capital transformation and human capital formation,China should rectify distribution policies to reduce income inequality without delay.

关 键 词：收入不平等 人力资本异质性 经济发展 多元均衡 

分 类 号：F061.3[经济管理—政治经济学]