遮阴对臭氧胁迫下‘赤霞珠’葡萄叶片光合功能及活性氧代谢的影响  

Effects of shading on photosynthesis and reactive oxygen metabolism in Vitis vinifera‘Cabernet Sauvignon'leaves under ozone stress

作　　者：王金欢 耿庆伟[1] 邢浩[1] 孙永江[1] 王杨[1] 翟衡[1] 杜远鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院.作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2016年第7期823-831,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS-30);国家自然基金‘臭氧与光照协同伤害葡萄叶片光合机能的机理’;长江学者;创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1155)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨臭氧(O3)与光照协同作用对葡萄叶片造成的危害机制。【方法】利用开放式气室在高浓度臭氧(105 n L·L-1)胁迫时,测定不同遮阴程度下‘赤霞珠’盆栽苗叶片光合性能及活性氧代谢的变化。【结果】与室外全光照无臭氧胁迫的对照相比,T1(O3+全光照)处理的Pn和Fv/Fm分别下降了87.1%和48.1%;而降低光照的遮阴处理如T3(O3+60%遮阴),分别下降了62.3%和8.6%。与T1相比,T2(O3+30%遮阴)和T3(O3+60%遮阴)处理后缓解了O3胁迫对叶片净光合速率(Pn)与最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)的抑制程度,Pn分别增加了38.2%和176.3%,Fv/Fm分别增加了36.4%和76.1%,不同遮阴处理后提高了体内抗氧化酶活性,减少了活性氧和丙二醛(MDA)的积累,MDA含量分别减少了5.1%和12%。【结论】光强影响了O3胁迫对葡萄叶片光合系统的抑制程度。在无法改变环境O3浓度的条件下,遮阴可以缓解光下O3对葡萄叶片的胁迫作用。[Objective] A previous study showed that ozone stress decreased photosynthesis and destructed reactive oxygen mechanism in grapevine leaves. The highest diurnal ozone concentration usually happens at about 10：00-14：00, when plants are exposed to strong light as well as high ozone stress. Under such conditions, leaves of some grape varieties are damaged. To investigate the effects of shading on photosynthesis and reactive oxygen metabolism in grape leaves under ozone stress, photosynthesis and reactive oxygen mechanism in the leaves of Vitis vinifera ＇ Cabernet Sauvigon＇ grown in a open top chamber with a high ozone concentration （105 nL· L^-） were measured under different shading treatments. [ Methods ] The potted grapevines were treated with T1 （O3＋full light）, T2 （O3＋30% shading） and T3 （O3＋60% shading） on a sunny day with a highest diurnal light intensity of about （1 700＋100） μmol. m^-2. s^-1, which is strong for grapevine. Five plants were used for each treatment, and the shading nets were placed 60 cm above the plants. After eight hours of treatments, photosynthetic parameters such as net photosynthetic rate （Pn）, stomatal conductance （Gs）, intercellular CO2 concentration （Ci） were measured by a CIRAS-2 portable photosynthesis system, and fluorescent parameters including number of active reaction centers per unit area （RC/CSm）, the probability that a trapped exciton moves an electron into the electron transport chain beyond QA（ψ0）, and non photochemical quenching （NPQ）, conversion efficiency of primary light energy （Fv/Fm）, quantum yield of PS Ⅱ electron transport （φPSⅡ）, and the photochemical quenching （qP） were measured by a handy PEA plant efficiency analyzer and an FMS-2 chlorophyll fluorometer. Then the leaves were harvested for determining enzyme activities and photosynthetic pigments. [ Results ] Ozone stress induced decreases in the chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and total chlorophyll contents and in chlorophyll

关 键 词：葡萄 臭氧 光抑制 遮阴 光合功能 活性氧代谢 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]