针对浮萍暴发式生长的植物源除草剂的筛选  

The influence of Chinese herb extracts addition on the growth of duckweed( Soirodela polyrhiza) under laboratory conditions

作　　者：张饮江[1,2] 宋盈颖 赵圆[1] 辛铎 黄富锡 邵留[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学水域环境生态上海高校工程研究中心,上海201306 [3]上海海洋大学水产动物遗传育种中心上海市协同创新中心,上海201306 [4]农业部淡水水产种质资源重点实验室,上海201306

出　　处：《上海海洋大学学报》2016年第4期575-581,共7页Journal of Shanghai Ocean University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31502172);上海市自然科学基金(12ZR1444900);上海海洋大学重点课程建设项目(A10209);农业部重点实验室开放课题(A1203716)

摘　　要：浮萍暴发式生长给河道、湖泊、池塘等水体生态环境造成了较大困扰。探讨中草药提取液对浮萍植物的生长影响,以期为新型植物源除草剂的研制提供科学依据。通过对浮萍表观生长状态观察及对叶绿素、生物量等生长指标的检测,研究了7种常见中草药(甘草、地锦草、金钱草、泽漆、泽泻、黄连、鱼腥草)提取液对紫背浮萍(Soirodela polyrhiza)生长的影响。结果表明:黄连提取液对浮萍叶状体分蘖的抑制作用最佳,培养期间浮萍叶状体数几乎未增加;地锦草提取液对浮萍生物量增长的抑制能力最佳,培养96 h后浮萍生物量下降至对照组的69%;泽泻提取液对浮萍色素水平的影响最大,培养96 h后实验组叶绿素含量下降55%以上,杀青效果明显。因此,从中草药宝库中寻找抑制浮萍暴发的植物源除草剂是可行的。Due to its ability to form dense mats in small water bodies（ such as rivers and landscape ponds）,duckweeds are often considered as nuisance plants in some freshwaters. As an attempt to find a new effective management tool,this study set out with the aim of assessing the influence of seven Chinese herb extracts addition upon the growth of duckweeds（ Soirodela polyrhiza）. The results show that Coptis chinensis Franch,Euphorbia humifusa willd and Alisma plantago-aquatica extracts have significant growth inhibition on Soirodela polyrhiza. Coptis chinensis extract showed statistically significant effect on Soirodela polyrhiza frond growth with few new fronds found after 96 h. Euphorbia humifusa extract increased Soirodela polyrhiza biomass slower than that of the control. Accounting for 69% of control was found after plants received the extract 96 h. Alisma plantago-aquatica extract showed statistically significant effect on Soirodela polyrhiza chlorophyll. Compared with control,higher than 55% chlorophyll decrease was found after plants received the extract 96 h. In conclusion,Chinese herb extracts can inhibit the growth of extract and effectively controlled Soirodela polyrhiza growth. This study suggests that using Chinese herb extract as an herbicide to control the blooms of duckweeds is workable.

关 键 词：紫背浮萍 生长抑制 植物源除草剂 叶状体 叶绿素 

分 类 号：X171[环境科学与工程—环境科学]