敦煌莫高窟洞窟水分蒸发量的测定与蒸发特征分析  

Measurement and Characteristic Analysis of Water Evaporation in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes

作　　者：李红寿[1,2] 汪万福[1,2] 詹鸿涛[1] 邱飞[1] 张国彬[1,2] 郭青林[1,2] 杨善龙[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]敦煌研究院保护所,敦煌736200 [2]古代壁画保护国家文物局重点科研基地,敦煌736200

出　　处：《世界科技研究与发展》2016年第3期512-517,共6页World Sci-Tech R&D

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41363009);国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAC07B02);甘肃省科学计划项目(1308RJZF290);敦煌研究院院级课题(201306)资助

摘　　要：水分是引起洞窟文物病害的关键因子。选择敦煌莫高窟代表性洞窟72窟为研究对象,在完全密封洞窟后,一方面通过自创的除湿-温湿度控制系统调控洞窟温湿度,另一方面利用制冷系统凝结收集和测定洞窟围岩的蒸发水分数量。通过3a的实际监测,明确了日尺度上和年尺度上洞窟水分的蒸发特征和形成机理。由于规避了太阳辐射,日尺度上窟内水分蒸发呈线性特征,无日波动变化,夜间也存在持续稳定的蒸发。年尺度上,洞窟在4~12月存在1.40 g·m^(-2)d^(-1)的蒸发量,1~3月无蒸发存在。温度升高引起洞窟围岩水分蒸发,温度降低围岩吸收来自深层的潜水水分,温度年周期波动是引起洞窟潜水蒸发的根源。受围岩年温度变化影响,在年尺度上蒸发呈正弦变化特征。Water is a key factor in causing cultural relics deterioration at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes.A condensation method was used to measure surround water evaporation.The representative Cave 72 was selected as a research object,after completely sealed the Cave 72,a condensation-dehumidification temperature-humidity control system was conducted,on the one hand,controlled cave＇s temperature and humidity,on the other hand,using condensation collected moisture evaporation to determinate quantity of water evaporation in cave.So,the surrounding rock＇s water evaporation characteristics and evaporation quantity were measured in daily scale and yearly scale,and the formation mechanism of the evaporation was analyzed.Due to in caves avoid the solar radiation,the evaporation present linear features in daily scale,and no daily fluctuation changes.From April to December,the cave exist evaporation of 1.40 g·m^（-2）d^（-1）; from January to March,there is no evaporation.When the temperature rises,the bound water of surrounding rock is evaporation; and when the temperature falls,the rock absorbs moisture.This causes the phreatic water to move from deep layer to shallow ones.Under the action of the yearly temperature fluctuations,phreatic water is ＂pump up＂and evaporation in cave.The evaporation is influenced by changes of yearly temperature in surrounding rock and shows a sinusoidal characteristic in the yearly scale.

关 键 词：洞窟 潜水蒸发 凝结 莫高窟 

分 类 号：K879.21[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]