外泌体在肿瘤微环境中的调控作用及其在肿瘤进展中的作用  

Regulation role of exosomes in tumor microenvironment and its role in tumor progression

作　　者：徐敏[1] 戈伟[1] 尹竺晟 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学人民医院肿瘤Ⅱ科,湖北武汉430060

出　　处：《中国医药导报》2016年第17期29-32,共4页China Medical Herald

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30970860)

摘　　要：肿瘤微环境是影响肿瘤生长与转移的关键因素,外泌体可以通过多种途径参与肿瘤微环境的调控。外泌体是由多种类型活细胞分泌的纳米级囊泡小体,广泛地分布于外周血、唾液、尿液、腹水、胸水、乳汁等多种体液中。外泌体中含有大量功能性蛋白质、mRNA、miRNA、DNA片段等多种生物活性物质,这些生物活性物质可在细胞之间穿梭并介导细胞间的物质转运与信息交流,进而影响细胞的生理功能。越来越多的证据证明了肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体在肿瘤微环境的调控中发挥了重要作用。肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体可以促进肿瘤血管生成、诱导肿瘤相关纤维细胞的分化、参与肿瘤微环境的免疫调控以及肿瘤转移前微环境的调控,进而在肿瘤的进展中发挥重要作用。此外,外泌体在肿瘤缺氧微环境中也发挥重要作用,本文就肿瘤细胞分泌的外泌体在肿瘤微环境中的调控及其在肿瘤进展中的作用加以综述。Tumor microenvironment is a key factor of the process of tumor growth and metastasis, exosomes are able to be involved in the regulation of tumor microenvironment through a variety of ways. Exosomes are nanoscale vesicles bodies, released by a diverse range of living cells, and widely distributed in the peripheral blood, saliva, urine, ascites,pleural effusion, milk, and other body fluids. Exosomes contain a broad array of biologically active materials including functional protein, mRNA, miRNA, DNA fragments, etc. These bioactives can be shuttled between cells and mediate the materials transport and information exchange between cells, thereby affecting the physiological function of cells. Emerging evidence indicates that tumor cell-derived exosomes play a key role in the regulation of tumor microenvironment tumor cell-derived exosomes can promote tumor angiogenesis, induce the differentiation of tumor-associated fibroblasts and participate in the immune regulation of tumor microenvironment and the regulation of tumor premetastasis microenvironment, thereby playing an important role in tumor progression. In addition, exosomes also play an important role in tumor hypoxic microenvironment. This article reviews the role of tumor cell-derived exosomes in the regulation of tumor microenvironment and tumor progression.

关 键 词：肿瘤微环境的调控 外泌体 血管生成 转移前微环境 肿瘤进展 

分 类 号：R730.22[医药卫生—肿瘤]