山地农业小流域非点源氮磷输出特征及来源  

Export Characteristics and Source Analysis of Non-point Source Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Mountain Agricultural Small Catchment

作　　者：徐丽贤[1] 梁新强[1,2] 周柯锦 林丽敏[1] 王知博[1] 华桂芬 王欣煜[1] 王志荣 黄武 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江省水体污染控制与环境安全技术重点实验室,浙江杭州310058 [3]浙江省环境检测中心,浙江杭州310015 [4]浙江省农业生态与能源办公室,浙江杭州310012

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2016年第3期30-37,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"苕溪流域农村污染治理技术集成与规模化工程示范"(2014ZX07101-012);国家自然科学基金项目"有机肥施用对稻田土壤胶体磷赋存及运移的影响机理"(41271314)

摘　　要：[目的]分析非点源污染物输出特征及来源,为相似农业小流域水质研究以及非点源污染控制提供参照基础。[方法]通过ArcGIS软件对集水流域划分,监测2014年断面及降雨水质,结合平均浓度法及输出系数法,建立考虑降雨携带输出的流域非点源负荷输出系数法计算模型,并进一步采用最优化数学方法对流域内污染物的来源进行分析。[结果]核算得到耕地、林地、城镇村及工矿用地、农村生活和畜禽养殖的总氮输出系数分别为15.87,6.33,6.27kg/(hm^2·a),0.20kg/(人·a),0.83kg/(头·a),总磷输出系数分别为0.46,0.39,0.67kg/(hm^2·a),0.10kg/(人·a),0.16kg/(头·a)。该研究区域径流中NO_3^--N是氮流失的主要形式,降雨高峰期径流中颗粒态磷流失严重,NH_4^+-N及溶解态磷是该流域雨水中氮磷的主要存在形态。[结论]该流域非点源污染输出以降雨、林地、农村生活输出为主。[Objective]To analyze the export characteristics and source of non-point source in order to provide reference basis for the study of the similar agricultural watershed water quality and non-point source pollution control.[Methods]This area was firstly divided into certain catchments with ArcGIS software.The water quality and precipitation was monitored across sections in 2014.Combined with the mean concentration method and export coefficient model,a calculation model was set up to estimate non-point source pollution export,and the sources for various non-point pollutants was analyzed with optimized mathematic method.[Results]The total nitrogen export coefficients of agricultural land,woodland,residential land,domestics and livestock was 15.87kg/（hm2·a）,6.33kg/（hm2·a）,6.27kg/（hm2·a）,0.20kg/（person·a）,0.83kg/（anamal·a）,respectively,while the total phosphorus export coefficients was 0.46kg/（hm2·a）,0.39kg/（hm2·a）,0.67kg/（hm2·a）,0.10kg/（person·a）,0.16kg/（anamal·a）,respectively.Nitrate nitrogen was the main form of nitrogen loss in the runoff and a large amount of particulate phosphorus run off in theperiods of peak rainfall.In the precipitation,ammonia nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus was main loss form.[Conclusion]In this small catchment,precipitation,woodland and domestic waste are the main pollution sources.

关 键 词：非点源污染 降雨输出 系数核算 氮磷流失特征 

分 类 号：X131.2[环境科学与工程—环境科学]