功能性构音障碍患者舌尖中音异常的语音特点及康复训练  

The Phonological Characteristics and Rehabilitation Training of Abnormal Blade-alveolar Consonant in Children with Functional Articulation Disorders

作　　者：徐丽娜[1] 李峰[1] 高楠[1] 张艳云[1] 吕自愿[1] 

机构地区：[1]郑州大学第一附属医院语音治疗科,郑州450052

出　　处：《听力学及言语疾病杂志》2016年第4期321-326,共6页Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology

基　　金：河南省教育厅科技基金资助项目(2009A320023);河南省卫生厅科技基金资助项目(201003030)

摘　　要：目的探讨功能性构音障碍（functional articulation disorders,FAD）患者舌尖中音异常的语音特点和康复训练方法。方法从194例FAD患者中选择4～25岁的舌尖中音构音障碍患者150例（男119例,女31例）为研究对象,根据舌尖中音汉字评估表分析其舌尖中音异常的语音特点;另从中选取4～17岁的患儿30例,针对 舌尖中音（/d/、/t/、/n/、/l/）开展2～6周的构音训练、送气练习、功能训练,采用计算机语音工作站于训练前和最后一次训练后对患儿进行录音,评估训练效果。结果FAD患者舌尖中音异常的检出率为77.32%（150/194）;/l/音错误频率最高（82.0%,123/150）,其后依次为/t/音（72.67%,109/150）、/d/音（60.0%,90/150）、/n/音（16.67%,25/150）;/d/音主要置换为/j/,/t/音主要置换为/q/、/d/,/l/、/n/音均主要表现为脱落。构音置换病例男性占82.35%（98/119）,女性占80.65%（25/31）,构音脱落病例男性占80.67%（96/119）,女性占90.32%（28/31）。语音训练后,患者舌尖中音构音错误字数由训练前的50.60±9.04个减少到训练后的6.30±2.72个,差异有统计学意义（Z=-4.875,P〈0.05）,构音错误字数与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.736,P〈0.01）。结论 FAD患者舌尖中音异常语音主要发生于/d/、/t/、/l/,主要的构音错误类型为置换和脱落;FAD患者舌尖中音异常语音训练的疗效明显。Objective To study the phonological characteristics and rehabilitation training methods of abnormal blade-alveolar consonants in children with functional articulation disorders（FAD）.Methods A total of 150 children of 4to 25 years old with blade-alveolar consonant articulation disorders were selected from 194 children diagnosed with FAD as the research objects.The phonological characteristics of abnormal blade-alveolar consonants were analysed;30children of 4to 17 years old accepted speech therapy,exhaling training and functional treatment of blade-alveolar consonants（/d/,/t/,/n/,/l/）.Patients were given speech assessments in the first and last training by using computer speech lab.Results The occurrence rate of abnormal blade-alveolar consonant was 77.32%（150/194）;the error rate of/l/was 82.0% which was the highest;/d/was mainly substituted by/j/,and/t/was mainly substituted by/q/,/d/.Both/l/and/n/mainly showed omission.Males accounted for 82.35%（98/119）and females accounted for 80.65%（25/31）among substitution cases.Males accounted for 80.67%（96/119）and females for 90.32%（28/31）among omission cases.The number of incorrect words decreased to（6.30±2.72）after speech training from（50.60±9.04）before speech training was established.The differences were statistically significant（Z=-4.875,P0.05）.The number of erroneous words was negatively correlated with age（r=-0.736,P0.01）.Conclusion Blade-alveolar consonant articulation disorders occur mainly on/d/,/t/,/l/,and the main erroneous articulation patterns are substitution and omission.The training scheme and training methods established in this study are significantly effective.

关 键 词：功能性构音障碍 舌尖中音 语音特点 康复训练 

分 类 号：H018.4[语言文字—语言学]