淮南某煤矿邻近农田土壤中重金属的生态风险研究  

Eco-toxicity Effect of Heavy Metals in Cropland Soils Collected from the Vicinity of A Coal Mine in Huainan

作　　者：王兴明[1,2,3] 张瑞良[1] 王运敏[2] 鲁先文[4] 查甫更[1] 陈广洲[5] 胡云虎[4] 程一松[2] 王斌[6] 

机构地区：[1]安徽理工大学地球与环境学院,安徽淮南232001 [2]中钢集团马鞍山矿山研究院,安徽马鞍山243000 [3]安徽师范大学生命科学学院,安徽芜湖241002 [4]淮南师范学院化工与材料工程学院,安徽淮南232038 [5]安徽建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,安徽合肥230022 [6]桐城师范高等专科学校,安徽桐城231400

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2016年第5期877-884,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(41471422);安徽高校自然科学研究项目(KJ2016A827;KJ2015A230);安徽省自然科学基金面上项目(1508085MD67);安徽省自然科学基金青年项目(1608085QE125);2015年皖江城市带退化生态系统的恢复与重建安徽省协同创新中心资助项目;2015年国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201510361008);安徽理工大学博士科研启动金项目(ZX959);青年基金项目(QN201407);2016年度淮南师范学院科学研究重点项目(2016xj04zd)

摘　　要：以淮南某煤矿为例，从煤矿堆积的矸石山邻近农田采集了表层土壤，在测定土壤中Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu浓度和分析重金属形态基础上，利用蚕豆（Vicia faba L.）早期生长及微核试验检测了土壤生态毒性，同时，采用污染负荷指数、潜在生态风险指数和基于微核率的污染指数比较了土壤重金属的生态风险。结果表明：煤矿区农田土壤中Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu浓度均高于淮南土壤背景值，个别样点Cd浓度高出淮南土壤背景值7.83倍（S3：0.47 mg·kg-1）和6.83倍（S4：0.41 mg·kg-1），但4种重金属浓度均低于国家土壤环境质量（GB15618─2008）二级标准。矿区土壤重金属虽均以残渣态为主，但交换态（6.62%-23.33%）和潜在可利用态的比例（32.90%-57.94%）比对照高，说明煤矿区土壤重金属有效性较高。个别土壤样点（S4）较高的重金属浓度导致发芽率和根长显著降低，而矿区土壤各样点的微核率较校园土均显著增加，这表明煤矿区土壤确实存在一定生态毒性，且微核可能比发芽率和根长对土壤重金属的污染更敏感。同时，3种污染评价指数均表明矿区土壤处于轻度-中度风险水平（以校园土为参考），说明煤矿区土壤确实产生了一定生态风险，而微核率的污染指数与潜在生态风险指数对各样点的风险评价结果较为一致，表明微核代表的生态毒性评价是煤矿区重金属生态风险评价的有益补充。With the development of coal mining, many heavy metals accumulated in the soils nearby the coalmine. In this study, a coalmine in Huainan is taken as an example to investigate the ecological toxicity and environment risk of heavy metals in the cropland soils near the coalmine. The surface soil nearby the coalmine was collected and was digested with acids. Concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu were analyzed by ICP-OES and the factions of heavy metals in soils were also analyzed using the Tessier method. The seedling growth and micronucleus of broad bean （Vicia faba L.） were checked to evaluate the eco-toxicity and pollution load index, potential ecological risk index and pollution index based on micronucleus rate were also calculated to assess the environment risk of heave metals in soils. The results indicated that concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in soil were over the background values of Huainan soil. Cd contents in some soil samples were 7.83 times （S3： 0.47 mg·kg-1） and 6.83 times （S4： 0.41 mg·kg-1） more than the background values of Huainan soil. However, concentrations of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu in soil were under the level two of Environmental quality standard for soils of China （GB 15618─2008）. Heavy metals were associated with the residue fraction in the soils in coal mining area and the proportion of exchange （6.62%-23.33%） and potential available fractions （32.90%-57.94%） in coal mining affected soils were higher than the control, indicating the higher bioavailability of heavy metals in soils nearby the coal mine. Germination rate and root length in site 4 were significant lower and micronucleus rate at each site was significant higher than that of Xiaoyuan soil, which suggesting eco-toxicity of heavy metals in coal mining affected area and micronucleus was more sensitive to the heavy metals pollution in soils nearby the coalmine. The pollution load index, potential ecological risk index and pollution index suggested that the soil nearby the coalmine was polluted at light to

关 键 词：煤矿 蚕豆 重金属 微核 生态毒性 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]