“预设”与汉语被字句的“偏离义”问题  

The Presuppositions and the Deviations about the Chinese Bei-construction

作　　者：颜力涛[1] 唐厚广[1] 

机构地区：[1]辽宁大学文学院,沈阳110036

出　　处：《语言研究》2016年第3期63-70,共8页Studies in Language and Linguistics

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金项目"理想认知模式理论视域下汉语被字句的特点研究"(13CYY067)

摘　　要：基于George Yule(1996)所划分的"潜在预设"与"实际预设",结合George Yule(1996)对潜在预设的分类,潜在预设可以分为"存在预设、事实预设、非事实预设、过往经历预设"四类。无论是普通的被字句,还是"被自杀"类特殊被字结构,无论是语义预设,还是语用预设,在预设中,都依靠"偏离义";即便是在预设中不蕴含"偏离义"的,在句子中也会隐含"偏离义"。但从另一个角度,我们也要看到,无论是语义预设,还是语用预设,都无法完全用"预设偏离"做周遍性解释;部分可能通过句子隐含的"偏离义"来弥补。On the basis of the George Yule（1996）＇s distinction between the potential presuppositions and actual presuppositions, and also on the basis of his classifications about the potential presuppositions, we make a new classifications on the potential presuppositions. They are existential presupposition, factive presupposition, non-factive presupposition and passed experience presupposition. We find, whether it is the ordinary Bei-construetion, or the special Bei-construction about the Bei-suicide construction, whether it is the semantic presupposition, or the pragmatic presupposition, the Bei-construction depends on the deviation in the presupposition. Although some presuppositions didn＇t contain the deviation, the sentence im_plicits the deviation. But, after all, we should know, whether it is the semantic presupposition ,or the pragmatic presupposition, we can not explain the whole Bei-construction by the deviation in the presupposition, Some of them may be explained by the implicit deviation.

关 键 词：预设 偏离义 被字句 被自杀 

分 类 号：H146[语言文字—汉语]