身份认同危机与21世纪俄罗斯小说叙事伦理、文体的重构  

Crisis of Identity Recognition and Reconstruction of Narrative Ethics and Genres of Russian Novel during the 21st Century

作　　者：张建华[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京外国语大学俄语学院

出　　处：《外国文学研究》2016年第3期35-44,共10页Foreign Literature Studies

摘　　要：21世纪俄罗斯文学接续了被中断数十年的文学"现代性"进程,实现了走向"当代性"的突破。21世纪俄罗斯"文学场"中的一个核心要素,或者说其走向"当代性"的首要动因是俄罗斯文学的"世纪末焦虑"——世界文学视域下的文学和作家的身份认同危机。长篇小说《一本合上的书》可以看作是俄罗斯文学"世纪末焦虑"言说的充分体现。身份认同危机引发了21世纪俄罗斯小说叙事伦理的重构。首先是政治伦理的式微,小说言说对市场伦理、读者伦理的依附、归顺;其次是小说后现代叙事伦理的恣肆;第三是性别伦理的兴起;第四是审美伦理的高扬。叙事伦理的重构是21世纪俄罗斯小说自我更新的强大动力,它必然导致小说叙事文体,即言说方式的重构。它表现为"跨文体"的实验探索、"新历史主义风潮"的涌起、非虚构纪实、传记、回忆录文体的勃兴。Russian literature during the 21 st century has continued progress of decades of literary ＂modernity＂ and realized breakthrough in ＂contemporaneity＂. One core factor in Russian ＂literature field＂ in the 21 st century or main cause of ＂contemporaneity＂ is ＂anxiety at the end of the century＂ in Russian literature—literature and identity crisis of authors within the vision of the world literature. The novel One Closed Book could be regarded as full reflection of ＂anxiety at the end of the century＂ in Russian literature. Crisis of identity recognition has caused reconstruction of narrative ethics in Russian novels during the 21 st century. The first is declination of the political ethics, the attachment and surrender of novel speech to manket ethics and reader ethics; the second is wantonness of post-modern narrative ethics in novel; the third is rise of sex ethics; the fourth is advancement of aesthetic ethics. Reconstruction of narrative ethics is the powerful drive for self-update of Russian novels during the 21 st century and it is bound to lead to reconstruction of narrative styles, that is, reconstruction of way of speech. It is expressed in experimental discovery of ＂cross-style＂, emergence of ＂new historism trend＂, rise of non-fictional documentary, biography as well as memoirs.

关 键 词：21世纪 俄罗斯文学 身份认同 叙事伦理 叙事文体 重构 

分 类 号：I512.074[文学—其他各国文学]