环保组织提起的公益诉讼之功能定位——兼评我国环境公益诉讼的司法解释  

On Functional Orientation of Public Welfare Lawsuits by Environmental Protection Organizations

作　　者：胡静[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《法学评论》2016年第4期168-176,共9页Law Review

基　　金：中国政法大学2011年校级人文社会科学研究项目(11ZFG82005)资助成果

摘　　要：国外立法通例将环保组织提起的公益诉讼定位为监督执行、递补执行或平行执行之诉,作为行政机关执行的辅助手段。我国司法解释允许环保组织起诉前无需告知行政机关并垄断起诉资格,不以违法性为生态环境责任要件,将其定位于取代执行之诉,违背了行政机关的公益代表性优先于环保组织的原则以及司法谦抑性原则。定位失当的修补可以从两方面进行:增加通知行政机关的诉前条件,增加违法性为责任要件。但根本的解决之道是完善行政公益诉讼制度。Foreign legislations always orientates public interest litigation filed by environmental organization as the law- suit of supervising enforcement, supplementary enforcement or parallel enforcement, being the auxiliary means of administrative organ＇s execution. The judicial interpretation allows environmental organization to sue without informing administrative organ in advance and monopoly standing, excluding illegality as condition of ecological damage liability ,orientates it as the law- suit of substitutional enforcement. This orientation violates the principle of administrative organ＇s priority to environmental organization in representing the public interest and the principle of judicial deference. The mistake of orientation can be repaired from two aspects： one is adding the process of informing administrative organ before litigation, the other is include illegality as condition of liability. However, the fundamental solution is to perfect administrative public interest litigation system.

关 键 词：环保组织 环境公益诉讼 功能定位 公民诉讼 生态环境修复 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] D925.1[政治法律—法学]