女媭为巫新考  

A New Interpretation of the Witch Identity of Nv Xu(女媭) in Lisao

作　　者：高华平[1] 李璇[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学文学院,湖北武汉430079

出　　处：《湖北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2016年第3期100-105,161,共6页Journal of Hubei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大资助项目:15ZDB007;国家社会科学基金一般资助项目:11BZX049

摘　　要：《离骚》文本结构中,"女媭"中峰起顶,上连下延,发挥了重要作用。有关"女媭"真实身份的探赜数千年来从未断绝,有屈原姊、屈原妾、屈原母、屈原保姆等多种说法。根据传世资料和出土文献考证,女媭实为巫。《山海经》是秦灭楚时在楚获得,具有鲜明的楚地色彩。《山海经》中存有不少以"女"字为首的女巫名字,如女丑、女戚、女祭、女薎。"女媭"也以"女某"为名,且"媭"字蕴含的"处女"和"聪明能干"这两种特殊含义皆与为巫的条件相配,女媭为巫的可能性很大。巫起源于女性,女巫之名多取"女"字旁的字则不足为奇。事实上,出土文献中的资料也证实了这一推断。甲骨卜辞中保存了大量占卜文字,从现今可考释的甲骨文字来看,殷商时期,巫之名多从"女"字旁。此外,我们从屈原作品中也能找到相关内证:楚国重淫祀、信鬼神这一大环境,对屈原的文学创作产生了深远影响,他的作品多从民间祭歌发展而来,带有浓厚的巫风色彩;《离骚》中和女媭相关的灵氛、巫咸二人均为巫,这些事实使"女媭"无不和巫这一身份相契合。In the text structure of 'Lisao','Nv Xu' plays an important role in the connection. Textual research about her real identity has never been interrupted for thousands of years. Some researchers claim that she is Qu Yuan 's sister,while others believe she is Qu Yuan's little wife,mother or nanny,etc. According to the unearthed literature and handed-down research data,this paper holds that 'Nv Xu' should be a witch. 'Nv Xu' has 'a woman' in the name,and 'Xu' contains the meaning of 'virgin', 'smart and capable'—— —these two special meanings match the qualification of a witch. In addition,works from Qu Yuan can also be found in the relevant certificate:Chu attaches great importance to the sacrifice and believes ghosts and gods in this environment,taking a profound impact on the literary creation of Qu Yuan. His works were developed from folk song festival,with a strong wind witch color. In 'Lisao',two witches called Ling Fen and Wu Xian have relationship with 'Nv Xu'. All these facts make 'Nv Xu' and witch's identity consistent.

关 键 词：女媭 《离骚》 “女某” 巫祝特色 巫 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]