地震应急救援影响因素重要性认识的调查和分析  

The Survey and Analysis of the Importance Awareness of the Earthquake Emergency and Rescue Influencing Factors

作　　者：邓砚[1] 苏桂武[1] 高娜[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国地震局地质研究所,北京100029 [2]中国地震应急搜救中心,北京100049

出　　处：《灾害学》2016年第3期177-183,共7页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：地震行业科研专项(201208018)

摘　　要：在理论分析、文献查阅和救灾案例分析的基础上,设计了地震应急救援影响因素指标体系,然后采取问卷调查的手段,利用层次分析法(AHP)原理,设计了影响因素指标重要性的调查问卷,并在全国10省28个县(市)的地震、民政、应急办等部门开展了贡献率的问卷调查。分析结果表明:从认知的角度,在4个一级指标中,基础设施的完善和加强被认为是最主要的因素;在基础设施方面,建筑物抗震能力是最重要的二级指标;在应急人力、物力、财力方面,专业救援队伍和基础医疗能力是最重要的二级指标;在专项能力和专项经验方面,民众自救互救能力、抗震救灾指挥协调机构、现场灾情获取能力、应急通讯设备、地震应急预案覆盖度、地震应急演练与培训等比较突出;在基础环境背景方面,人口密度、岩性条件、地形起伏度影响比较大。在综合排序中,建筑物抗震能力、危险源控制水平、疏散场地面积、公路密度、手机普及率、人口密度、岩性条件、专业救援队伍、是否通铁路和基础医疗能力是最重要的10个影响因素,应当作为应急能力建设的重中之重。The importance analysis of earthquake emergency rescue influencing factors is the basis of earthquake emergency rescue capabilities assessment,and also one of the important guidance to carry out the earthquake emergency preparedness and improve the capacity of earthquake emergency. Based on the theoretical analysis,literature review and disaster relief cases analysis,the index system of earthquake emergency rescue capabilities is designed,and then take the questionnaire survey method,using the AHP principle,questionnaires are contributed10 provinces,28 counties,including the department of earthquake,civil affairs and emergency affairs. The results show that,from the perspective of cognition,the infrastructure is the most important factor of the first-level factors.And building aseismic capacity,professional rescue teams and basic medical ability are respectively the most important factors in the infrastructure aspect and emergency manpower and financial resources. People self-and-communal safe abilities,earthquake relief command coordination agency,acquisition of the disaster,emergency communications equipment,earthquake emergency plan coverage; earthquake emergency drills and training are prominent factors in specialized experience and abilities. Population density,lithology and topographic conditions are the prominent factors in basic environment background. In the comprehensive sequencing,building aseismic capacity,level control hazards,evacuation site area,mobile phone penetration rate,population density,road density,lithology conditions,professional rescue teams,railway,basic medical ability are the 10 most important factors,which should be the priority.

关 键 词：地震 应急救援 影响因素 重要性认知 AHP方法 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]