2011-2015年我国自然灾害救助应急响应的时空分布特征  

Spatial-temporal Distribution Characteristics of Emergency Responses to Natural Disaster Relief in China during 2011- 2015

作　　者：范志欣 苏筠[1,2] 冯涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学地理学与遥感科学学院,北京100875 [2]北京师范大学环境演变与自然灾害教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《灾害学》2016年第3期217-221,共5页Journal of Catastrophology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41371201)

摘　　要：统计了2011-2015年民政部、国家减灾委启动的国家级自然灾害救灾应急响应时间、响应级别、受灾省份、响应灾种等信息,分析其时空分布特征。结果表明:12011-2015年国家共启动救灾应急响应169次,年均33.8次,总体呈逐年下降趋势(除2012年),其中针对特大自然灾害启动的一级、二级救灾应急响应启动所占比例极小;2洪涝、旱灾、台风、地震灾害为多发灾害,气象灾害多发月份为6-9月;3自然灾害救灾应急响应的响应频数和相应级别均呈现出"南多北少"的地域分布特点;洪涝灾害集中于长江流域,台风灾害集中于东南,地震、泥石流等地质灾害多发于西部;4与2005-2010年相比,2011-2015年救灾应急响应年启动次数减少,其中针对特大灾害的一、二级高级别响应所占比例明显下降;区域分布特征相似。南方多次启动旱灾应急响应,西南启动低温冷冻响应,这是新的灾害响应分布变化;而2011年的灾种构成特点是旱灾多、冰冻灾害多,2012年的组合特点是洪涝灾害多、台风灾害多,可能与厄尔尼诺年向拉尼娜年转变有关。We studied the spatial-temporal characteristics of emergency responses to natural disaster relief（ ERs） basing on the time,grades,provinces and hazards of ERs in China launched by MCA（ Ministry of Civil Affairs） and NCDR（ China National Commission for Disaster Reduction） of China during 2011- 2015. The main conclusions are as follows.（ 1） During 2011- 2015,a total of 169 ERs were launched with 33. 8 on average per year and indicateda downward trend overall（ except 2012）. The proportion of high-grade responses-gradeⅠorⅡ-for catastrophic disasters was very small.（ 2） Floods,droughts,typhoons and earthquakes were multiple disasters,among which Meteorological disasters were multiply launched during June to September.（ 3） The number and grades of ERs varied from north to southin China. There were more ERs in the south than that in the north. Flood disasters occurredin the Yangtze River Basin while typhoon disasters in the southeast,geological disasters such as earthquakes,landslides and others in the west.（ 4） Comparing with ERs during 2005- 2010,the number of ERs has been reduced among which the proportion of high-grade responses-grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ-for catastrophic disasters has been significantly decreased during 2011- 2015. The characteristics of spatial distribution weresimilar,however,there also were some new changes： Flood disasters were launched more in the south than that in the north and freezing disasterswere launched in the southwest. Moreover,the feature of hazard composition in 2011 wasthat there were more droughts and freezing disasters while the feature in 2012 is more floods and typhoons. All these phenomenon may have some relationship with the switch from El Nino years to La Nina years.

关 键 词：自然灾害 灾害救助 应急响应 时空分布 中国 

分 类 号：X43[环境科学与工程—灾害防治]